| บทคัดย่อ (EN): |
Oil palm is a new economic plant in upper Northeast Thailand. So, survey of oil palm grower will help us knew what were they management with oil palm plantation. The oil palm inspection were conducted in 6 provinces in upper Northeast Thailand between year 2014 by purposive sampling in the most oil palm grew area in each province. There were 690 sampling divided to pre-matured oil palm area 439 samples and matured oil palm area 251 samples. Data showed that 45 percent of farmers planting oil palm hybrids Surathani from Department of Agriculture, 55 percent of the soil is sandy loam, 75 percent of farmers grow oil palm in triangle planning. Management of pre-matured oil palm, 63 percent of farmers did not irrigated oil palm, farmers used fertilizer on palm oil by 82 percent, by the farmers practiced 94 percent. Cultivation of matured oil palm ( 251 farmers) found that only 50 percent of farmers were irrigating, 90 percent of farmers used chemical fertilizer, which fertilized by the farmers practiced 86 percent. Oil palm yield up to 1,849 kilogram and lowest average 359 kilogram. The price is between 2-4 baht per kilogram. The cost of oil palm plantation average 9,177 baht per rai, which averaged from seedling, land preparation, irrigation system, chemical and organic fertilizer, pest control chemical, fuel or electric fee used in oil palm plantation and labors cost. The survey data showed that problems of 52 percent of farmers were lacking the knowledge to manage oil palm plantations, fertilizing and soil management, irrigation in drought period and the right time to harvested oil palm. Thus, transferring knowledge of oil palm cultivation technology to the farmers could increase the productivity and reduce the economic risk of farmers in upper northeastern of Thailand. Oil palm plantings in the upper northeastern region of Thailand, if management is not appropriate, it will affect growth and yield. The experiment was carried out by testing the fertilizer application based on leaf’s nutrient analysis and watering by water deficit calculation to meet the oil palm requirements. The experiment was conducted in the oil palm farms of 14 farmers at the age of 2-3 years in the area of Bung Kan Loei and Nakhon Phanom between year 2014 to 2016, and 2015-2016 in Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, Udon Thani. Randomized complete block design with 2 treatment and 2 replication were used, treatment 1 or DOA practice was watering by water deficit calculation and fertilizer application based on leaf’s nutrient analysis, treatment 2 or farmer practice was watered and fertilizer application based on farmers practice. For the test of water, DOA practice used a mini sprinkler system during the month of dehydration, January to April and December frequency once a week, about 100 liters of water per plant per time. Farmer practice did not watered or watered once in 1-2 week with mini sprinkler or another, which was not know the exact volume of water. For the test of fertilizer, DOA practice used fertilizer application based on leaf’s nutrient analysis and divided into 2 time per year but farmer practice applied a variety of fertilizers, 1-3 kg per plant per year, 1-2 times a year. The result show that growth characteristic of oil palm in first 3 year were not statistically significant differences. But total leaf and leaf area of DOA treatment were significantly higher than the farmers in the third year. The average DOA method number of leaflets was 38.5 leaves more than the average farmer method 37.7 leaves. The DOA leaf area was 4.11 square meters higher than the farmers method 3.81 square meters, accounting for 7.9%. When palm oil aged 4-5 years, it was found that the female flower of the test method than the farmer significantly. The mean of farmers method was 47.56%, higher than that of 12.74%. However, at the age of 3-4 years, the flowers of the treatments were higher than those of the farmers, but not statistically different. The average annual test was 57.98 percent. The average farmer method was 53.42 percent. Yield was found to be in the third year of the palm oil testing period of 4-5 years. And the DOA method yields more than the farmer significantly. The DOA yielded average 676.28 kg/rai/year. The farmers total yield averaged 519.28 kg/rai/year, The DOA method yield higher accounting for 30.23%. Testing Technology to enhance the production of oil palm before yielding potential of farmers in Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, Udon Thani. Results showed that in the first and second test of the growth of the palm oil processing test, the average number of leaves and leaf area increased over the process, but the farmers did not differ statistically. While I found the sex ratio in the second test of palm oil in an average ratio of male flowers of processes rather than test methods farmers significantly is 54.86 and 49.42 percent respectively. palm oil output in the last 3-4 years, farmers have begun storing the output conversion number seven and the other five have yet to harvest. From a bunch of storage and production during June to September 2559 found that the process of testing a bunch and more productive farming methods tested by the creators of the bunch, with an average of 2.12 per bunch and the average yield of 103.58 kg per rai. The process of dividing a farmer average of 1.73 per bunch and the average yield was 73.13 kg per rai. Information from growth and productivity, although the process is likely to test the process more farmers. However, in the beginning of the input and output. The need to collect data to test further in order to get more complete information. Technology test to improve the production efficiency of palm oil farmers in the upper Northeastern region in 2015-2019 in Bung Kan, Loei and Nakhon Phanom, and between the year 2015-2016 in Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, Udon Thani, in the oil palm farms of 5-6 year-old farmers in 12 plots of farmers. Fertilization according to leaf analysis on growth of Oil Palm: the total number of leaves, leaf length, leaf length, cross section area, leaf number and leaf area were not significantly different. However, the flowering and yield of the oil palm plantings did not show any differences in the treatments in year 1 and year 2 but began to see differences in the third year. The test was more likely that the sex ratio was greater than the farmers practice. As with the yield of palm oil, the difference in the third year of the test was found to be 16.14 percent. Flowering and yield of palm oil production in Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, Udon Thani Province were 44.4 and 35.7 percent respectively and number of bunch of DOA and farmer were 4.0 and 3.5, respectively. Yield of DOA method had an average weight of 82.1 kilograms, which was higher than farmer was average 72.3 kilograms. It was possible that the irrigation and fertilization of the soil had increased the yield. The result of the DOA production was 1,646 kg/rai/year. Farmers have a total yield of 1,361 kg/rai /year. So oil palm plantation. There should be sufficient water and nutrients to promote of the oil palm plantations from the beginning for to get a good return on investment. Survey and study the oil palm ramp and oil extraction plant in the Northeast of Thailand. Assess the quality of FFB has been purchased. Research Implementation between October 2556 and September 2019, there were 3 courtyards in Nong Khai, 5 in Loei, 4 in Loei, 2 in Udon Thani, 4 in Nakhon Phanom and 2 in Mukdahan. Lanterns are the only 15 oil palm yard and 4 palm oil extraction plants located in Bungkarn province, Loei province. Two of them are (93%) sort out the maturation of the palm fruit bunches. The purchase price was higher than the plant ramps are 0:50 to 1:00 baht. There is a storage period of 1-3 days before delivery to the factory, accounting for 43%. Oil Preservation the heap on the patio, with or without a roof. The results of the quality evaluation of oil palm plantings at the yard or factory average of 3 years showed that the quality of mature, semi-mature and immature were 21.5, 32.3 and 46.2 percent, respectively. The quality of mature, semi-mature and immature were 11.7, 34.2 and 46.2 percent, respectively. when random from the yard or factory, it was found that there was a correlation between quality and quantity of mature, semi-mature and immature in 26.12, 22.96 and 21.24% in 2014 and 30.26 26.62 24.63% respectively in the year 2016. And the crude oil in the randomized production from the farmers in 2014. The quality of ripening and ripening quality is 26.55, 25.76 and 24.84%, respectively. And the factory in 2015 and the random yield from the farmers in 2015 and 2016 are not different in each grade. It may be due to the Northeastern environment where the water shortage is longer than the South. Especially in the years 2558-2559 with severe drought. Palm fruit fall before maturation. Oil Palm Harvesting Test to Improve Palm Oil Productivity of Farmers in Bung Kan Provinces and Nong Khai Provinces during the summer and rainy season from 2015 to 2016. It was found that the overview of the quality of the oil palm when analyzing the composition impact on the bunch. Percentage of oil per bunch by the farmers method, the percentage of oil from the laboratory was less than that of the ripening test. It shows that the participating farmers have harvested their produce at the semi-mature stage until maturity in accordance with the Thai Agricultural Standard (2009), which requires continuous knowledge of the quality of harvesting of palm oil for farmers. To develop oil palm farmers in the Northeastern region to harvest appropriate oil palm harvest. |
