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The study on green house on growth of vegetables was investigated. The greenhouses were based on the difference of three types of structures. The 1.2 ? 3 meter greenhouse structures included 1) wood, 2) steel + PVC and 3) steel. The results were no different for growth and productivity. However, steel had the highest investment of structure. Effects of nutrient solution formulae were investigated. The 3 formulae consisted of 1) standard formula, 2) modified formula and 3) commercial formula. The experiment studied on swamp (Lpomoea aquatic L.), grand rapid lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L) grown in hydroponics. The result showed that there did not affect the plant height, canopy and diameter of stem. The leaf width, leaf length, number of leaves per plant and root length were similar. However, the commercial nutrient solution formula was the highest with costs but lower income. The effect of nitrogen concentrations on the growth and development of petunia was carried out in soilless culture system. This experiment was studied at the Institute of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Lampang during February - July 2556. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD). There were 5 treatments, each with six replications, i.e. nitrogen concentrations of 0, 56, 112, 224 and 448 mg / l. The result showed that the 448 mg / l treatment had greater canopy width than the 56 - 224 mg / l while, the 0 mg / l had the lowest. However, the plant height and stem diameter were similar. The nitrogen concentration did not affect the new shoot length, new shoot diameter and leaf number/ branch. The nitrogen concentration at 112 mg / l treatment gave the greatest on leaf width and length. In addition, the nitrogen concentration of 448, 224 and 112 mg / l gave grater green color of the leaves than that of 56 and 0 mg / l. There was no difference in flowering. The 112 mg / l treatment had the most number of flowers per branch. The increasing and decreasing of nitrogen concentrations had lower the number of flowers. The effect of nitrogen on dry weight accumulation suggested that nitrogen concentrations at 112 and 448 mg / l gave the highest dry weight of flowers, leaves and stem, but did not affect in root dry weight. The nitrogen concentrations of 112, 448, 224 and 56 mg /l yielded greater shoot/root ratios than that of at 0 mg / l. Effect of substrate culture materials on the growth of plants was studied. The comparison of materials compounded 5 treatments was investigated in chili. The result showed that the bagasse treatment had the highest diameter of stem. The bagasse mixed bagasse ash treatment was the greatest stem height, stem width and fresh weight. The sand mixed bagasse treatment was the highest leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves and dry weight. Whereas, the bagasse mix rich husk mix bagasse ash treatment decreased leaf green color. There were not significant on fruit length, fruit weight and yield among treatments. Effects of plant material on the growth and development on basil plant were investigated. The coconut coir: rice husk: sugar cane fiber mixes (1:1:1) treatment had the highest stem diameter, plant height, new shoot length, leaf width and leaf length. However, the coconut coir: rice husk mixes (1:1), coconut coir: rice husk: sugar cane ask mixes (1:1:1) and coconut coir: rice husk: sugar cane fiber mixes (1:1:1) treatments had greater leaf green color than coconut coir: coconut dust mixes (1:1). Development of expanded clay on production and utilization as a media in Substrate Culture was studied at Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna. The experimental design used was a factorial in completely randomized design (CRD : 8 X 3), factor A consisted of 8 of formulations expanded clay treatments (i.e. 1. clay + rice husk 2. clay + rice bran 3. clay + resin beads 4. clay + rice husk + rice bran 5. clay + rice husk + resin beads 6. clay + rice bran+ resin beads 7. clay + rice husk + rice bran + resin beads and 8. Clay) and factor B consisted of 3 levels of burning temperature at 3 lavel 600, 900 and 12000C for 8 hours . The result showed that expanded clay granules composed of clay + rice bran gave the least weight (i.e. 3.10 g). The Clay granules composed of clay + rice husk + rice bran gave the highest water holding capacity. The Clay granules composed of clay + resin beads, clay + rice husk + resin beads and clay + rice bran+ resin beads tended to increase the electrical conductivity, while that composed of clay + rice husk, clay + rice bran and clay + rice husk + rice bran tended to have less electrical conductivity. The pH of the finished product was ranged from 6.06 to 7.72. The result showed that the test for papermania plant growth on substrate culture from clay + rice husk + resin beads gave the highest growth rate in terms of plant height and canopy diameter. The test for water cress plant growth on substrate culture from clay + rice husk + rice beads with 600 and 900๐C burning temperature gave the highest growth rate on plant height . The canopy of water cress grown in different substrate cultures of expanded clays was also evaluated. It was found that water cress planted in clay + rice husk + rice bran + rasin beads 600๐C burning temperature at 30, 60 and 90 days gave the highest growth rate on canopy diameter. The study models for assessing the appropriate capital of greenhouses for vegetable production and to study the return on the management compensation cost of the study the return on the management compensation cost of the greenhouses were investigated. Furthermore, it was aimed to explore the data on capital and breakeven point for vegetable production in low-cost greenhouses. In that, growers would know the production capital correctly and would be able to evaluate the project investment . In addition, such knowledge obtained from the study could be utilized by their interested growers to consider for their investment in soilless cultured crop production in the future. The population in this research was 5 groups of soilless cultured vegetable production in Lampang province. There were 4 groups had been selected as the samples for collecting information and data on capital and return; which were accounted For 80% of the population. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed and the results were tabulated and literally described. The results revealed that the main capital for soilless cultured vegetable production was the direct labor cost. The Baan Pongchai Soilless culture group appeared to have the highest labor cost of 55.89% of the total capital, which were followed by that at Baan Wiang Sawan Soilless culture group of 44.38% and that at Mr. Leu Hydroponie Garden of 37.14% On the other hand, the Hydrohouse Soilless culture group had the greatest total variable cost of production of the capital; i.e. 42.86% of the total capital. On comparing the capital on the basis of greenhouse sized small and medium; it revealed that the small size greenhouses possessed greater capital than that of the medium size, that were 57.89 and 47.29% , respectively. In terms of return on soilless cultured vegetable production, it was due to the fact that each entity had its own infrastructure and nature of investment characters, thus in comparing the assumed profitability margin, the ratio of profit per sale price unit for each enterprise was calculated. It was apparent that the returns on sale were 53.16, 45.17,40.65 and 17.21% for the soilless cultured vegetable production at Baan Pongchai, Hydrohouse soilless culture, Mr. Leu Hydroponic Garden and Baan Wiang Sawan, respectively. On the comparison of the profit on sale price based on the size of greenhouses employed. The medium size at the Hydrohouse Soilless Culture had the net profit rate greater than that of the small size greenhouses; i.e. 47.95 and 37.91% , receptively. For the breaker even point on soilless cultured vegetable production, the lowest to the highest break even points of production volume were 1,360; 3,572 and 17, 600 bags for there at Baan Pongchai, Baan Wiang Sawan and Mr. Leu Hydroponic Garden, respectively. The breaks even point of production volume for the Hydrohouse Soilless Culture enterprise could not be compared with the others due to the sale of the produce was in the unit of kilogram. Nevertheless, it could be compared on the basis of the greenhouse size. Thus, the break even points of production volume for small and medium size greenhouses were 26 and 138 kilograms, respectively. The assessment of the project investment was based on production capital, return in the form of profit, breakeven point, payback period, net present value, profitability index, the internal rate of return (IRR) and worthiness. The results suggested that the moat investable project was at Baan Pongchai Because it had the lowest capital on greenhouse. that made from bamboo. The following was that at Baan Wiang Sawan, which had the greenhouse structure made of concrete and steel. The next enterprise was that of the medium size greenhouses of the Hydrohouse soilless culture which made of steel structure. Nevertheless, the steel structured small size greenhouses at the Hydrohouse soilless Culture and Mr. Lue Hydroponic Garden appeared to be the least worthiness for investment among the others. |
