สืบค้นงานวิจัย
การประเมินความปลอดภัยของการใช้สารสกัดสะเดาด้วยวิธีตรวจผลต่อการเกิดความผิดปกติของสารพันธุกรรม (genotoxicity) ในสิ่งมีชีวิต และพิษต่อพืช (phytotoxicity)
เรณู เวชรัชต์พิมล - มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร
ชื่อเรื่อง: การประเมินความปลอดภัยของการใช้สารสกัดสะเดาด้วยวิธีตรวจผลต่อการเกิดความผิดปกติของสารพันธุกรรม (genotoxicity) ในสิ่งมีชีวิต และพิษต่อพืช (phytotoxicity)
ชื่อเรื่อง (EN): Safety evaluation of neem extract using in vivo genotoxicity and phytotoxicity bioassays
บทคัดย่อ: Research Title : Genotoxicity assessment of neem extract using fish species Researcher : Associate Professor Dr. Renu Vejaratpimol (Project Leader) Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University Assistant Professor Panor Asvarujanon (Co-Researcher) Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University Research Grants : Fiscal Year 2008 Research and Development Institute, Silpakorn University Year of Completion : 2016 Type of Research : Applied Research Subjects : Agriculture and Biology Azadirachtin is a bioactive compound found in neem extract from tropical neem seed. It is allowed to use as insecticide for organic agriculture in spite of a concern of its toxic on fishes during entering water bodies. Genotoxicity of neem extract therefore investigated using Micronucleus Test. Additionally, the sentinel fish and degradation of the extract were examined. The results showed that CdCl2 of 0.05 mg/L was suitable for use as positive control and instead of gill and liver cell erythrocyte was selected as target cell due to high sensitivity and suitability. Six freshwater fishes (Clarias macrocephalus, Anabas testudineus, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Chitala ornate, and Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to five concentrations of neem extract (0.5-0.9 mg/L) for 24 and 48 hrs. High mortalities were recorded in all species except C. macrocephalus (24hLC50, 0.71 mg/L) and A. testudineus (24hLC50, 0.83 mg/L). Micronucleus frequencies (MNFs) of those two species from all concentrations were not different from control indicating no extract impact on fish genotoxicity. It is confirmed by Pure Aza exposure which no significant increases of MNF and Nuclear abnormalities (NAFs) from control were found. Furthermore, C. macrocephalus was more sensitive than A. testudineus due to its stronger correlation between MNFs and the extract concentration (R2= 0.9184 and 0.6240, respectively). Low mortality rates, MNFs, and NAFs observed in not only laboratory experiment but in watercourse of organic farm also indicated that neem extract can be degraded by sunlight in three days. Results reflected no genotoxic risk of neem extract on fishes. Neem extract thus can be used in organic farm according to the company instruction. Key words: neem extract, Clarias macrocephalus, Anabas testudineus, micronucleus, genotoxic Research Title : Plant species screening and genotoxicity assessment of neem extract An assessment was made to determine the cyto-genotoxic sensitivity of six plant species, namely, Hymenocalli littoralis Salsb., Wedelia trilobata L. Hitch, Zephyranthes rosea (Spreng) Lind., Eucrosia bicolor Ker. Gawl, Allium cepa L. var. ascolonium and Allium cepa Linn. Mitotic index (MI) and mitotic aberration (MA) in root tip cells were determined in each treated-plant species after being exposed to 0.00, 0.02, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 ppm of CdCl2 for 24 hours. Mitodepressive effects of CdCl2 in a dose-dependent manner were abserved in four plant species, H. littoralis, Z. rosea, E. bicolor and A. cepa. The MI decreased when the CdCl2 concentration increased. A statistical significant difference (P? 0.05) was shown between the control and the treated groups in each species. Noticeable change in the MI did not show in W. trilobata and A. cepa L. var. ascolonium. Increasing CdCl2 concentrations induced an increase of MA in most treated plants, but significant differences (P? 0.05) between the control and the treated groups was only observed in W. trilobata, E. bicolor and A. cepa. The highest frequency of mitotic aberration type was chromosomal disturb. Two plant species, E. bicolor and Z. rosea were further selected based on the MI and MA results from the first experiment. An evaluation was made of the genotoxic sensitivity of these two species and of that of the typical genotoxicity testing species, A. cepa. A study was carried out of the MI and MA from the root tips treated with 0.06 ppm CdCl2 for 24 hours and 48 hours. It was found that the effects of CdCl2 on root tip cells of E. bicolor was similar to the effects on A. cepa with decrease of the MI and increase of the MA affected by longer duration of CdCl2 treatment. In contrast, low genotoxic sensitivity was found in the treated groups of Z. rosea. After the screening experiments, E. bicolor, Z. rosea and A. cepa were used as the genotoxicity tested plants to study the effects of azadirachtin (Aza) containing neem (Azadirachta indica) extract at 0.0, 0.05, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.00 ppm. The results showed that the MI significantly decreased while the MA increased, (P? 0.05), particularly in Aza-treated groups of E. bicolor and A. cepa, when compared to control. The lower of mitotic inhibition and chromosome aberration, as measured by mitotic index (MI) and mitotic aberration (MA), showed that the root tip cells in testing plants species treated with 2 ppm of neem extract which was exposed to sunlight for 3 day and 7 days before used. This result implicates that genotoxicity effect of neem extract would be inactivated by sunlight. Genotoxicity of surface water collected from an organic farm after application of neem extract for 1, 2 and 3 days was evaluated by plant genotoxicity system. The high MI and MA compared with the control (tap water) suggested that tested water contain both mitotic promoting substances and plant genotoxic substances. Research title: Genotoxicity assessments of neem extract using earthworm species Researcher: Assistance Professor Ptumporn Muangphra and Associated Professor Dr. Renu Vejaratpimol Office: Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University Research Grants: Research and Development Institute, Silpakorn University, Year 2007 Year: 2009 ส่วนที่ 2 Abstract The effects of commercial neem extracts (Sadao Thai 111) were studied using Pheretima peguana and Pheretima posthuma as model earthworms. In this study we included the survival of earthworms and genotoxic of coelomocytes after exposed to Sadao Thai 111. The results showed that at 48 and 72 h median lethal concentrations (LC50) of Sadao Thai 111 to P. peguana were 0.259 and 0.243 ?g/cm2 and P. posthuma were 0.026 and 0.016 ?g/cm2, respectively. The genotoxic of coelomocytes induced by Sadao Thai 111 was performed by micronucleus test. Genotoxic of neem extracts to coelomocytes of earthworms were evaluated by a filter paper contact method and natural soil test. P. peguana were exposed via filter paper to water (negative control), 0.014 ?g/cm2 cadmium chloride (positive control) and neem extracts at concentration 0.024, 0.047, 0.098, 0.141 และ 0.188 ?g/cm2 whereas P. posthuma at concentration 0.005, 0.012, 0.024, 0.035 และ 0.047 ?g/cm2. During 3-day dermal exposure we followed day-by-day the chromosome aberration by micronucleus test in coelomocytes extruded from animals. The chromosome aberration of small coelomocytes such as micronucleus, binucleate, trinucleate, necrosis, apoptosis and abnormal nucleus shape were recorded. The results showed that the number of micronucleus was not significantly difference from the control in both earthworm species after 48 h exposure. The number of micronucleus increased significantly in earthworms exposed to the lower concentrations of neem extract at 72 h and the severity of response did not appropriated with increasing Sadao Thai 111 concentrations however P. peguana and P. posthuma showed binucleate frequencies were considerably significance (p 0.700) were determined. It was found that lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var acephala), mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) demonstrated the significant decreases of all three parameters with the increasing concentrations of Aza (R2 > 0.700). Consequently, these three plants could be used as bioindicators and the three parameters could serve as sensitive biomarkers of its phytotoxicity. Study on deterioration of Aza after being exposed to sunlight at different time intervals was done by immersing seeds of those five plants in 165 ppm Aza that had been exposed directly to sunlight for 3, 7 and 11 days, This experiment indicated that the longer exposure time to sunlight the higher the reduction in Aza efficacy. Testing on possible contamination of Aza was done by immersing seeds in water collected from an organic farm, both before and after being sprayed with neem extract. The results showed that only urad bean seeds were negatively affected. The use of the five plant species to study on Cd phytotoxicity showed that lettuce, barnyard grass and mung bean could be used as bioindicators for cadmium toxicity with all three parameters served as biomarkers.
บทคัดย่อ: ไม่พบข้อมูลจากหน่วยงานต้นทาง
ภาษา (EN): th
เผยแพร่โดย: มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร
คำสำคัญ: ความเป็นพิษต่อพืช
เจ้าของลิขสิทธิ์: สำนักงานคณะกรรมการวิจัยแห่งชาติ
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การประเมินความปลอดภัยของการใช้สารสกัดสะเดาด้วยวิธีตรวจผลต่อการเกิดความผิดปกติของสารพันธุกรรม (genotoxicity) ในสิ่งมีชีวิต และพิษต่อพืช (phytotoxicity)
มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร
30 กันยายน 2551
การติดตามตรวจสอบสารกลุ่มโพลีไซคลิกอะโรมาติกไฮโดรคาร์บอนในอากาศริมถนนโดยใช้ใบไม้ในเขตจังหวัดนนทบุรี การตรวจสอบความเป็นพิษของสารสกัดสะเดาต่อการเกิดความผิดปกติของสารพันธุกรรมในไส้เดือนดิน การตรวจสอบความเป็นพิษของสารสกัดสะเดาต่อการเกิดความผิดปกติของสารพันธุกรรมในปลา การใช้สารสกัดจากเปลือกส้มโอในการควบคุมการเกิดโรคแอนแทรคโนสในมะม่วงน้ำดอกไม้ การควบคุมไส้เดือนฝอยรากปม (Meloidogyne incognita) ของฝรั่งด้วยสารสกัดจากเชื้อรา เอคโตไมคอร์ไรซาบางชนิด ฤทธิ์ต้านแบคทีเรียของสารสกัดดาหลา (Etlingera elatiorL.) ต่อแบคทีเรียก่อโรคในพืช การคัดเลือกสารกำจัดลูกน้ำยุงและสารต้านมาลาเรียจากสารสกัดของสิ่งมีชีวิตในทะเล การศึกษาความปลอดภัยและคุณภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์ลูกชิ้นปลา โครงการวิจัยเทคโนโลยีการผลิตและการใช้สารสกัดจากพืชทดแทนสารเคมี บูรณาการการผลิตข้าวเพื่อเพิ่มผลผลิตและลดต้นทุนการผลิตโดยใช้จุลินทรีย์และสารสกัดจากพืชในพื้นที่ภาคเหนือตอนล่าง
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