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การวิจัยครั้งนี้ เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพและปริมาณ โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์หลักของการวิจัยคือ 1)เพื่อศึกษาสภาพแวดล้อมทั่วไปของพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรของชุมชนชาวกะเหรี่ยงหมู่บ้านตะเพินคี่ 2)เพื่อศึกษาบริบทการทาการเกษตรปัจจุบัน รวมทั้งความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับเกษตรอินทรีย์ 3)เพื่อวิเคราะห์หาจุดแข็ง จุดอ่อน โอกาส และอุปสรรค (SWOT) ในการพัฒนาการเกษตรอินทรีย์ และ 4)นาเสนอแนวทางการพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ ซึ่งประชากรเป้าหมายที่ใช้ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ประกอบด้วย เกษตรกรชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่ จานวน 57 ครัวเรือนและเจ้าหน้าที่อุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตยที่มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับการทาเกษตรของชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่ จานวน 1 คน ผลจากการวิจัยพบว่า
1. สภาพแวดล้อมทั่วไปของพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรของชุมชนชาวกะเหรี่ยงบ้านตะเพินคี่ จังหวัดสุพรรณบุรี เป็นพื้นที่ที่ค่อนข้างดอนและโล่งแจ้ง อยู่ห่างจากโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม และจากทางหลวงสายหลัก เนื่องจากอยู่ในเทือกเขาสลับซับซ้อน สาหรับแหล่งน้าที่ใช้ในการทาเกษตรเป็นแหล่งน้าจากบริเวณต้นน้า จึงไม่มีการปนเปื้อนของสารเคมีหรือสารพิษโดยตรง แต่อาจได้รับการปนเปื้อนจากสารเคมีทางการเกษตรในบริเวณใกล้เคียง นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าพื้นที่ทาเกษตรส่วนใหญ่ทาการเกษตรแบบใช้สารเคมีและปุ๋ยเคมีมาเป็นระยะเวลาไม่ต่ากว่า 10 ปี ซึ่งการทาการเกษตรดังกล่าวเป็นปัญหาและอุปสรรคต่อการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ที่สาคัญมาก
2. บริบทของการทาการเกษตรและความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับเกษตรอินทรีย์ พบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างเกือบทั้งหมดประกอบอาชีพทาการเกษตร มาเป็นระยะเวลามากกว่า 10 ปีขึ้นไป และพืชที่ปลูกส่วนใหญ่คือข้าวโพด รองลงมาคือข้าวไร่ และมีจานวนพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรมากกว่า 26 ไร่ขึ้นไปต่อครัวเรือน ลักษณะการถือครองที่ดินทาการเกษตรคือเป็นเจ้าของ (โดยได้รับการจัดสรรให้ครอบครองที่ดินทากินจากอุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตยฯ) มีการทาการเพาะปลูกพืช ปีละ 1 ครั้ง ส่วนใหญ่ใช้สารเคมีในการเพาะปลูกพืช โดยใช้ตามปริมาณที่แนะนาในคู่มือ ระยะเวลาในการใช้สารเคมีตั้งแต่อดีต-ปัจจุบัน มากกว่า 6 ปีขึ้นไป ซึ่งวัตถุประสงค์ส่วนใหญ่ใช้สารเคมีเพื่อกาจัดหญ้าและวัชพืช รองลงมาเพื่อเพิ่มปริมาณผลผลิต และเกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่ไม่เคยอบรมเกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ มีบางคนที่เคยอบรมบ้างแต่ไม่เคยนาระบบเกษตรอินทรีย์มาใช้ ส่วนความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับเกษตรอินทรีย์ พบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างส่วนใหญ่มีความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์อยู่ในระดับต่า ซึ่งเรื่องที่มีความรู้มากที่สุดคือรู้ว่าเกษตรกรที่ใช้สารเคมีในการเพาะปลูกมักมีปัญหาสุขภาพเรื้อรังอยู่ตลอดเวลา
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รองลงมามีความรู้ว่าสารสกัดจากพืชสมุนไพร เช่น สะเดา ข่า ตะไคร้หอม กระเพรา โหระพา สามารถช่วยป้องกันและกาจัดแมลงได้ ตามลาดับ และเรื่องที่ไม่มีความรู้มากที่สุด คือเรื่องผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกแบบเกษตรอินทรีย์มีราคาถูกกว่าผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกโดยใช้สารเคมี รองลงมาคือการเพาะปลูกพืชโดยใช้ปุ๋ยอินทรีย์อย่างต่อเนื่องและระยะยาวจะทาให้ได้ผลผลิตลดลง ตามลาดับ
3. จุดแข็ง จุดอ่อน โอกาส และอุปสรรค (SWOT Analysis) ในการพัฒนาการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ พบว่า จุดแข็ง (Strengths) มีดังนี้ 1) พื้นที่เหมาะต่อการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ เนื่องจากเป็นพื้นที่ค่อนข้างดอนและโล่งแจ้ง อยู่ห่างจากโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม และทางหลวงสายหลัก 2) มีแหล่งน้าที่เหมาะต่อการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ เพราะปลอดจากสารพิษปนเปื้อน เนื่องจากเป็นแหล่งน้าบริเวณ ต้นน้า3)เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่เริ่มหันมาให้ความสนใจการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์มากขึ้น จุดอ่อน(Weaknesses) 1)พื้นที่ทาการเกษตรปัจจุบันมีการใช้สารเคมีและปุ๋ยเคมี มามากกว่า 10 ปี 2)เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่ไม่มีความรู้เกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ 3)เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่มีพฤติกรรมที่เคยชินและยึดติดกับการทาเกษตรแบบใช้สารเคมีและปุ๋ยเคมี 4) ยังไม่มีหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้องหลักเข้ามาให้การสนับสนุนอย่างจริงจังและต่อเนื่อง โอกาส(Opportunities) มีดังนี้ 1) ผลผลิตที่มาจากการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์เป็นที่ต้องการของตลาด 2) ผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกแบบเกษตรอินทรีย์มีราคาสูงกว่าผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกโดยใช้สารเคมี 3)ตลาดเกษตรอินทรีย์ในประเทศไทยและต่างประเทศมีการเติบโตอย่างต่อเนื่อง 4)อุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตยพร้อมให้การส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรกร อุปสรรค(Threats) มีดังนี้ 1) ดินในพื้นที่เพาะปลูกขาดความอุดมสมบูรณ์และเสื่อมโทรมซึ่งต้องใช้ระยะเวลาในการฟื้นฟูค่อนข้างนาน 2)การทาเกษตรอินทรีย์มีกระบวนการที่ซับซ้อน ต้องใช้ระยะเวลานานจึงจะได้ผลผลิต ซึ่งเกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่มีหนี้สินและภาระค่าใช้จ่ายต่างๆ ที่ต้องรับผิดชอบ 3)การทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ ต้องใช้ความขยันหมั่นเพียรและมีความอดทนสูง ซึ่งปัจจุบันเกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่ยังขาดคุณสมบัติข้อนี้และยังยึดติดกับการทาเกษตรแบบใช้สารเคมีอยู่
จากข้อค้นพบที่ได้จากการศึกษาวิจัยทั้งหมด สรุปได้ว่าพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรของชุมชน ชาวกะเหรี่ยงหมู่บ้านตะเพินคี่ ยังมีศักยภาพไม่เพียงพอที่จะพัฒนาการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ได้ภายใน 1 ปี การพัฒนาและส่งเสริมให้ทาการเกษตรอินทรีย์จาเป็นต้องใช้ระยะเวลามากกว่า 1 ปีขึ้นไป โดยช่วงระยะแรกก่อนปรับเปลี่ยนไปเป็นเกษตรอินทรีย์ จาเป็นอย่างยิ่งที่ต้องมีการส่งเสริมความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรกร รวมทั้งการฟื้นฟูด้านพื้นที่ทาเกษตรให้ดินมีความอุดมสมบูรณ์ ซึ่งถือเป็นปัจจัยหลักแห่งความสาเร็จของการเกษตรอินทรีย์
สาหรับแนวทางการพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ แก่เกษตรกรชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่ ช่วงระยะปรับเปลี่ยนจากเกษตรเคมีไปสู่เกษตรอินทรีย์ ซึ่งหน่วยงานที่รับผิดชอบควรนาไปพิจารณาเพื่อเป็นแนวทาง มีดังนี้
1) ควรมีการส่งเสริมโดยจัดอบรมให้ความรู้เรื่องเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรกร รวมทั้งมีการติดตาม ให้คาปรึกษาแนะนาหลังการอบรมอย่างจริงจังและต่อเนื่อง 2) ควรสร้างเครือข่ายและแกนนาเกษตรกรที่เป็นผู้นาชุมชน เพื่อช่วยปลุกจิตสานึกและปรับทัศนคติด้านการทาเกษตรเคมีมาเป็นเกษตรอินทรีย์ให้กับเกษตรกร 3)ควรมีการกระตุ้นและส่งเสริมให้เกษตรกรเห็นความสาคัญของการใช้ปุ๋ยอินทรีย์ ปุ๋ยพืชสด และปุ๋ยชีวภาพ ในการเพาะปลูกเพื่อช่วยปรับปรุงบารุงดินให้มีความอุดมสมบูรณ์
4)ควรมีการกระตุ้นและส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้ให้เกษตรกรลดการใช้สารเคมีในการเพาะปลูกอย่างต่อเนื่อง 5)ควรส่งเสริมเกษตรกรให้หันมาสนใจการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์อย่างจริงจัง โดยจัดให้มีการศึกษาดูงานการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ จากเกษตรกรต้นแบบหรือเครือข่ายเกษตรอินทรีย์ ที่ประสบความสาเร็จ 6)อุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตย ควรมีการประสานความร่วมมือไปยังหน่วยงานภาครัฐที่เกี่ยวข้องโดยตรงด้านการเกษตร ในการเข้ามาช่วยดาเนินการเรื่องเกษตรอินทรีย์อย่างเป็นรูปธรรม
อย่างไรก็ตาม เพื่อให้การพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรชุมชนชาวกะเหรี่ยงหมู่บ้านตะเพินคี่ ในช่วงระยะปรับเปลี่ยนจากการทาเกษตรเคมีไปสู่เกษตรอินทรีย์ ประสบความสาเร็จ หน่วยงานภาครัฐและองค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นที่เกี่ยวข้อง ควรสนับสนุนและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ให้กับเกษตรกรชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่อย่างจริงจังและต่อเนื่อง เพื่อให้เกิดความยั่งยืนด้านการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์สืบต่อไป
This This This study study study is is of a of a qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research type where its type where its type where itstype where its type where its type where its main main purpose s were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming area of area of area of Karen Karen Karen community in community in community in community in community in Ta Pern Kee Karen aren Village, Village, Village, Village, 2) 2) to study to study to study to study to study the context of the context of the context of the context of the context of the context of current current current farming farming including ncluding ncluding knowledge and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to analyze analyzeanalyze analyze the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT ) in ) in ) in order for order for the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic farming to take place to take placeto take place to take place to take place and 4) and 4) and 4) and 4) to to provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion of organic farming. of organic farming. of organic farming. The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of 57 families of 57 families of 57 families of 57 families of 57 families of Karen Karen Karen farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 official in Pu To official in Pu Toofficial in Pu To official in Pu Toofficial in Pu To official in Pu To official in Pu Toofficial in Pu Toei National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has involved with farm involved with farm involved with farm ing of Karen ing of Karen ing of Karen in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village.in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village.in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. The results he results he results he results he results he results he results are as follows: are as follows: are as follows: are as follows: are as follows:
1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming area of Karen area of Karen area of Karen area of Karen area of Karen community community in Ta Pern in Ta Pern in Ta Pern in Ta Pern in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village Kee Karen VillageKee Karen Village Kee Karen Village Kee Karen Village Kee Karen VillageKee Karen Village , Suphan, Suphan, Suphan , Suphan Buri Province Province is relatively is relatively is relatively is relatively is relatively is relatively upland upland and open and open -air . It isIt is It is away from away from industrial plants industrial plants industrial plants industrial plantsindustrial plants industrial plantsindustrial plants and main nd main nd main road roads as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates in intricate intricate intricate intricate mountains mountains mountains . W. W. Water ater ater suppliessupplies suppliessupplies for agriculture agriculture agriculture agriculture are derived from are derived from are derived from are derived from a source a source a source a source of upstream upstream upstream water water water water therefore therefore therefore no no contamination contamination contamination contamination of chemicals chemicals chemicals chemicals chemicals or direct exposure to direct exposure to direct exposure to direct exposure to direct exposure to toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals has been f has been fhas been f has been found . It may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity, however, however, however, however , however . It It was was was also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that most most farming areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years . Such the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequenthe farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequenthe farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen tly become tly become tly become tly become crucial crucial crucial barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming.
2. The context of farming he context of farming he context of farming he context of farminghe context of farming he context of farming , knowledge and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming showed that showed that showed that showed that showed that the sampl the sampl the samplthe sampl e groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are almost almost almost almost farm ers who have been who have been who have been who have been who have been who have been farming for farming for over 10 years over 10 years over 10 years over 10 years . The major crops he major crops he major crops he major crops he major crops he major crops planted planted planted are corn and and upland upland rice respectively respectively respectively. The farmingThe farming The farming land land per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than 26 RaisRais and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the form of owneowneowne rship holding rship holding rship holding rship holdingrship holding (these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands ha ve been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by the Pu To the Pu To the Pu To the Pu Tothe Pu Toei National Park National Park National Park National ParkNational Park ). TheThe cultivation of cultivation of cultivation of cultivation of dominant dominant crops has been made on crops has been made oncrops has been made oncrops has been made on crops has been made oncrops has been made on crops has been made on crops has been made on ce a year with ce a year with ce a year with ce a year with ce a year withce a year with the the
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use use chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical use use from the past the past the past the past the past the past till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is more than six years more than six yearsmore than six years more than six years more than six yearsmore than six yearsmore than six years more than six yearsmore than six years more than six years with the main purpose towith the main purpose to with the main purpose towith the main purpose to with the main purpose to with the main purpose to with the main purpose towith the main purpose to with the main purpose towith the main purpose to get rid of get rid of get rid of get rid of grass grasses and weeds and weeds and its sub purpose to sub purpose to sub purpose to sub purpose to increase productivity. increase productivity. Most farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farmingbeen trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming only a few only a few only a few only a few people had some people had some people had some people had some training but training but training but training but they they never put never put never put it in real use it in real use it in real use it in real useit in real useit in real use it in real use. For knowledge knowledge knowledge and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding about organic farmingabout organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming, it was, it was, it was , it was, it was found that that that most most sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population have knowledge and under and under standing standing standing standing about organic about organic about organic farming i farming in a fairly n a fairly n a fairly n a fairly lowlow levellevel and the most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is the farmers the farmers the farmers the farmers the farmers the farmers who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming have often often faced faced with with with chronic health problem chronic health problem chronic health problem chronic health problemchronic health problem chronic health problemchronic health problem chronic health problemchronic health problem s. The The second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like Siamese Siamese Siamese Siamese neem, neem, neem, neem, galangal, galangal, galangal, galangal, lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and sweet basilsweet basilsweet basil sweet basil sweet basil sweet basil can help can help can help can help prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate iprevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate iprevent and eliminate insect nsect s respectively. respectively. respectively. The third is The third is The third is The third is The third is The third is that the yield from that the yield from that the yield fromthat the yield from that the yield from that the yield from that the yield fromthat the yield from that the yield from organic cultivation organic cultivation organic cultivation organic cultivation organic cultivation gives a gives a gives agives a cheaper cheaper price price than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield obtained from obtained from obtained from chemical farming. chemical farming. chemical farming.chemical farming. Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with organic fertili organic fertili organic fertilizers zers in in an ongoing and an ongoing and longlong -term term manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a lowerlower yield yieldyield.
3. SWOT analysis analysisanalysis analysis for the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths 1) 1) The area isThe area is The area is The area is The area is suitable for organic farmingsuitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farmingsuitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland and open and open -air landscap air landscapair landscap air landscap e which is e which is e which is e which is e which is away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plantsaway from industrial plants away from industrial plants and the the main main roads, roads, 2) 2) The The water ater is is suitable for organic farmingsuitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus it is it is free from free from any any toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination , 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers have beg un turning their n turning their n turning their n turning their n turning their attention attention attention attention to organic farming. For W farming. For W farming. For Wfarming. For Weakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) The current farmingThe current farming The current farming The current farming The current farmingThe current farming land land has been exposed to exposed to exposed to exposed to chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) Most farmers ost farmers ost farmers ost farmers have no have no knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) Most farmers ost farmers ost farmers ost farmers ost farmers are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and stickstick ing withwith farming with with with chemicals a chemicals a chemicals achemicals achemicals and fertilizers nd fertilizers nd fertilizers nd fertilizers , 4) there 4) there 4) there 4) there 4) there are no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments to give to give to give to give supportsupport support seriously and continuallyseriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continuallyseriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continuallyseriously and continuallyseriously and continually. For O For OFor Opportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) The yieldThe yield The yield The yieldThe yield from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher in price in price than than that obtained that obtained that obtained that obtained that obtained from chemical chemical farm ing, 3) 3) Organic market rganic market rganic market s in Thailand in Thailand in Thailand in Thailand and overseas are and overseas are and overseas are and overseas areand overseas areand overseas are growing steadily growing steadily growing steadilygrowing steadily growing steadily and 4) 4) the Pu To the Pu To the Pu To the Pu Tothe Pu Toei National Park i National Park i National Park i National Park i National Parki National Park is is ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic farming for farming for farmers farmers. For Threats For ThreatsFor ThreatsFor Threats For Threats For Threats 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland degrades and degrades and degrades and degrades and lacks lacks lacks fertilities fertilities fertilities so itso it so it takes takes takes quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of time for r time for rtime for r time for rehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex process process and takes takes takes a longer longer time for time fortime for produce produce to to yield and m yield and myield and m yield and m yield and most ost importantly the importantly the importantly the importantly the importantly the importantly the farmers farmers are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of liabilities and expensesliabilities and expenses liabilities and expenses liabilities and expensesliabilities and expenses liabilities and expenses liabilities and expenses to be responsible to be responsibleto be responsible to be responsible to be responsible to be responsible for 3) Organic 3) Organic3) Organic 3) Organic farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and high patience patience and most most current current current farmers lack th farmers lack thfarmers lack thfarmers lack thfarmers lack th farmers lack th ese ese characteristics. characteristics. characteristics. characteristics. characteristics. Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming chemicals. chemicals. chemicals.chemicals.
The findings from the study at all. In conclusion, the agricultural areas of the community.Karen village Southbank odd talents.There are not enough potential to develop organic farming within 1 year and it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year beforend it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year beforend it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year beforend it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before the first the first the first the first the first period of transition of transition of transition of transition to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the promotion of promotion of promotion of knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural land,land, the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.
Guidelines for Guidelines for Guidelines for Guidelines for Guidelines for development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming and the period and the period and the period and the period of transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic for Karen Karen farmers farmers farmers in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village Karen Village Karen Village Karen VillageKaren Village , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows:, that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows:
1) 1) Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar on organic farming to on organic farming to on organic farming to on organic farming to farmers farmers as well as well as well as well as well as well as providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow -up and counseling and counseling and counseling and counseling after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) A network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders should be should be should be should be introduced in order t introduced in order t introduced in order t introduced in order t introduced in order to help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes towards towardstowards organic farming, 3) organic farming, 3) organic farming, 3) organic farming, 3) Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers should be eshould be e should be e should be e should be encourage ncourage d and promot and promot ed to to perceive the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using organic manure organic manure organic manure , live, live, live, live -plant fertilizer plant fertilizer plant fertilizer plant fertilizer plant fertilizer and bio and bio -fertilizer fertilizer fertilizer in their their farming as as to help improve to help improve to help improve to help improve to help improve to help improve soil soil soil fertility fertility 4) 4) For farmers, promotion For farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotion For farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotion on learning learning learning how to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in fa rming should be continuously encouraged,should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged,should be continuously encouraged,should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, 5) 5) Promoting Promoting the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to seriously seriously seriously seriously seriously pay attention attention attention attention on organic farming should be made b farming should be made bfarming should be made b farming should be made b farming should be made b farming should be made b farming should be made by providing y providing y providing y providing them a them a them a study study study tour to organic tour to organic tour to organic tour to organic tour to organic farms of farms offarms of the leader the leader the leader the leader the leader farmers farmers farmers or to or to or to underlying underlying and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming network networknetwork s and 6) 6) The Pu ToThe Pu To The Pu To The Pu ToThe Pu Toei National Park i National Park i National Park i National Park i National Parki National Park should cooperatshould cooperat should cooperat should cooperat should cooperate withwith government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies that that involve directly directly withwith agriculture agriculture agriculture to help to help to help to help enforce organic farming concretely. concretely. concretely.concretely.
However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during 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chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned should should should support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously 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organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be achieved henceforth. achieved henceforth. achieved henceforth.achieved henceforth. achieved henceforth. achieved |
| รายละเอียด: |
การวิจัยครั้งนี้ เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพและปริมาณ โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์หลักของการวิจัยคือ 1)เพื่อศึกษาสภาพแวดล้อมทั่วไปของพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรของชุมชนชาวกะเหรี่ยงหมู่บ้านตะเพินคี่ 2)เพื่อศึกษาบริบทการทาการเกษตรปัจจุบัน รวมทั้งความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับเกษตรอินทรีย์ 3)เพื่อวิเคราะห์หาจุดแข็ง จุดอ่อน โอกาส และอุปสรรค (SWOT) ในการพัฒนาการเกษตรอินทรีย์ และ 4)นาเสนอแนวทางการพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ ซึ่งประชากรเป้าหมายที่ใช้ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ประกอบด้วย เกษตรกรชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่ จานวน 57 ครัวเรือนและเจ้าหน้าที่อุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตยที่มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับการทาเกษตรของชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่ จานวน 1 คน ผลจากการวิจัยพบว่า
1. สภาพแวดล้อมทั่วไปของพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรของชุมชนชาวกะเหรี่ยงบ้านตะเพินคี่ จังหวัดสุพรรณบุรี เป็นพื้นที่ที่ค่อนข้างดอนและโล่งแจ้ง อยู่ห่างจากโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม และจากทางหลวงสายหลัก เนื่องจากอยู่ในเทือกเขาสลับซับซ้อน สาหรับแหล่งน้าที่ใช้ในการทาเกษตรเป็นแหล่งน้าจากบริเวณต้นน้า จึงไม่มีการปนเปื้อนของสารเคมีหรือสารพิษโดยตรง แต่อาจได้รับการปนเปื้อนจากสารเคมีทางการเกษตรในบริเวณใกล้เคียง นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าพื้นที่ทาเกษตรส่วนใหญ่ทาการเกษตรแบบใช้สารเคมีและปุ๋ยเคมีมาเป็นระยะเวลาไม่ต่ากว่า 10 ปี ซึ่งการทาการเกษตรดังกล่าวเป็นปัญหาและอุปสรรคต่อการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ที่สาคัญมาก
2. บริบทของการทาการเกษตรและความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับเกษตรอินทรีย์ พบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างเกือบทั้งหมดประกอบอาชีพทาการเกษตร มาเป็นระยะเวลามากกว่า 10 ปีขึ้นไป และพืชที่ปลูกส่วนใหญ่คือข้าวโพด รองลงมาคือข้าวไร่ และมีจานวนพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรมากกว่า 26 ไร่ขึ้นไปต่อครัวเรือน ลักษณะการถือครองที่ดินทาการเกษตรคือเป็นเจ้าของ (โดยได้รับการจัดสรรให้ครอบครองที่ดินทากินจากอุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตยฯ) มีการทาการเพาะปลูกพืช ปีละ 1 ครั้ง ส่วนใหญ่ใช้สารเคมีในการเพาะปลูกพืช โดยใช้ตามปริมาณที่แนะนาในคู่มือ ระยะเวลาในการใช้สารเคมีตั้งแต่อดีต-ปัจจุบัน มากกว่า 6 ปีขึ้นไป ซึ่งวัตถุประสงค์ส่วนใหญ่ใช้สารเคมีเพื่อกาจัดหญ้าและวัชพืช รองลงมาเพื่อเพิ่มปริมาณผลผลิต และเกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่ไม่เคยอบรมเกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ มีบางคนที่เคยอบรมบ้างแต่ไม่เคยนาระบบเกษตรอินทรีย์มาใช้ ส่วนความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับเกษตรอินทรีย์ พบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างส่วนใหญ่มีความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์อยู่ในระดับต่า ซึ่งเรื่องที่มีความรู้มากที่สุดคือรู้ว่าเกษตรกรที่ใช้สารเคมีในการเพาะปลูกมักมีปัญหาสุขภาพเรื้อรังอยู่ตลอดเวลา
ข
รองลงมามีความรู้ว่าสารสกัดจากพืชสมุนไพร เช่น สะเดา ข่า ตะไคร้หอม กระเพรา โหระพา สามารถช่วยป้องกันและกาจัดแมลงได้ ตามลาดับ และเรื่องที่ไม่มีความรู้มากที่สุด คือเรื่องผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกแบบเกษตรอินทรีย์มีราคาถูกกว่าผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกโดยใช้สารเคมี รองลงมาคือการเพาะปลูกพืชโดยใช้ปุ๋ยอินทรีย์อย่างต่อเนื่องและระยะยาวจะทาให้ได้ผลผลิตลดลง ตามลาดับ
3. จุดแข็ง จุดอ่อน โอกาส และอุปสรรค (SWOT Analysis) ในการพัฒนาการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ พบว่า จุดแข็ง (Strengths) มีดังนี้ 1) พื้นที่เหมาะต่อการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ เนื่องจากเป็นพื้นที่ค่อนข้างดอนและโล่งแจ้ง อยู่ห่างจากโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม และทางหลวงสายหลัก 2) มีแหล่งน้าที่เหมาะต่อการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ เพราะปลอดจากสารพิษปนเปื้อน เนื่องจากเป็นแหล่งน้าบริเวณ ต้นน้า3)เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่เริ่มหันมาให้ความสนใจการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์มากขึ้น จุดอ่อน(Weaknesses) 1)พื้นที่ทาการเกษตรปัจจุบันมีการใช้สารเคมีและปุ๋ยเคมี มามากกว่า 10 ปี 2)เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่ไม่มีความรู้เกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ 3)เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่มีพฤติกรรมที่เคยชินและยึดติดกับการทาเกษตรแบบใช้สารเคมีและปุ๋ยเคมี 4) ยังไม่มีหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้องหลักเข้ามาให้การสนับสนุนอย่างจริงจังและต่อเนื่อง โอกาส(Opportunities) มีดังนี้ 1) ผลผลิตที่มาจากการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์เป็นที่ต้องการของตลาด 2) ผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกแบบเกษตรอินทรีย์มีราคาสูงกว่าผลผลิตที่ได้จากการเพาะปลูกโดยใช้สารเคมี 3)ตลาดเกษตรอินทรีย์ในประเทศไทยและต่างประเทศมีการเติบโตอย่างต่อเนื่อง 4)อุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตยพร้อมให้การส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรกร อุปสรรค(Threats) มีดังนี้ 1) ดินในพื้นที่เพาะปลูกขาดความอุดมสมบูรณ์และเสื่อมโทรมซึ่งต้องใช้ระยะเวลาในการฟื้นฟูค่อนข้างนาน 2)การทาเกษตรอินทรีย์มีกระบวนการที่ซับซ้อน ต้องใช้ระยะเวลานานจึงจะได้ผลผลิต ซึ่งเกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่มีหนี้สินและภาระค่าใช้จ่ายต่างๆ ที่ต้องรับผิดชอบ 3)การทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ ต้องใช้ความขยันหมั่นเพียรและมีความอดทนสูง ซึ่งปัจจุบันเกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่ยังขาดคุณสมบัติข้อนี้และยังยึดติดกับการทาเกษตรแบบใช้สารเคมีอยู่
จากข้อค้นพบที่ได้จากการศึกษาวิจัยทั้งหมด สรุปได้ว่าพื้นที่ทาการเกษตรของชุมชน ชาวกะเหรี่ยงหมู่บ้านตะเพินคี่ ยังมีศักยภาพไม่เพียงพอที่จะพัฒนาการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ได้ภายใน 1 ปี การพัฒนาและส่งเสริมให้ทาการเกษตรอินทรีย์จาเป็นต้องใช้ระยะเวลามากกว่า 1 ปีขึ้นไป โดยช่วงระยะแรกก่อนปรับเปลี่ยนไปเป็นเกษตรอินทรีย์ จาเป็นอย่างยิ่งที่ต้องมีการส่งเสริมความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรกร รวมทั้งการฟื้นฟูด้านพื้นที่ทาเกษตรให้ดินมีความอุดมสมบูรณ์ ซึ่งถือเป็นปัจจัยหลักแห่งความสาเร็จของการเกษตรอินทรีย์
สาหรับแนวทางการพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ แก่เกษตรกรชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่ ช่วงระยะปรับเปลี่ยนจากเกษตรเคมีไปสู่เกษตรอินทรีย์ ซึ่งหน่วยงานที่รับผิดชอบควรนาไปพิจารณาเพื่อเป็นแนวทาง มีดังนี้
1) ควรมีการส่งเสริมโดยจัดอบรมให้ความรู้เรื่องเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรกร รวมทั้งมีการติดตาม ให้คาปรึกษาแนะนาหลังการอบรมอย่างจริงจังและต่อเนื่อง 2) ควรสร้างเครือข่ายและแกนนาเกษตรกรที่เป็นผู้นาชุมชน เพื่อช่วยปลุกจิตสานึกและปรับทัศนคติด้านการทาเกษตรเคมีมาเป็นเกษตรอินทรีย์ให้กับเกษตรกร 3)ควรมีการกระตุ้นและส่งเสริมให้เกษตรกรเห็นความสาคัญของการใช้ปุ๋ยอินทรีย์ ปุ๋ยพืชสด และปุ๋ยชีวภาพ ในการเพาะปลูกเพื่อช่วยปรับปรุงบารุงดินให้มีความอุดมสมบูรณ์
4)ควรมีการกระตุ้นและส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้ให้เกษตรกรลดการใช้สารเคมีในการเพาะปลูกอย่างต่อเนื่อง 5)ควรส่งเสริมเกษตรกรให้หันมาสนใจการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์อย่างจริงจัง โดยจัดให้มีการศึกษาดูงานการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ จากเกษตรกรต้นแบบหรือเครือข่ายเกษตรอินทรีย์ ที่ประสบความสาเร็จ 6)อุทยานแห่งชาติพุเตย ควรมีการประสานความร่วมมือไปยังหน่วยงานภาครัฐที่เกี่ยวข้องโดยตรงด้านการเกษตร ในการเข้ามาช่วยดาเนินการเรื่องเกษตรอินทรีย์อย่างเป็นรูปธรรม
อย่างไรก็ตาม เพื่อให้การพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์แก่เกษตรชุมชนชาวกะเหรี่ยงหมู่บ้านตะเพินคี่ ในช่วงระยะปรับเปลี่ยนจากการทาเกษตรเคมีไปสู่เกษตรอินทรีย์ ประสบความสาเร็จ หน่วยงานภาครัฐและองค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นที่เกี่ยวข้อง ควรสนับสนุนและส่งเสริมการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์ให้กับเกษตรกรชาวกะเหรี่ยงตะเพินคี่อย่างจริงจังและต่อเนื่อง เพื่อให้เกิดความยั่งยืนด้านการทาเกษตรอินทรีย์สืบต่อไป
This This This study study study is is of a of a qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research qualitative and quantitative research type where its type where its type where itstype where its type where its type where its main main purpose s were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming were 1) to study the environment of farming area of area of area of Karen Karen Karen community in community in community in community in community in Ta Pern Kee Karen aren Village, Village, Village, Village, 2) 2) to study to study to study to study to study the context of the context of the context of the context of the context of the context of current current current farming farming including ncluding ncluding knowledge and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to about organic farming, 3) to analyze analyzeanalyze analyze the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats (weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT ) in ) in ) in order for order for the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic the development of organic farming to take place to take placeto take place to take place to take place and 4) and 4) and 4) and 4) to to provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion provide guidelines for the development and promotion of organic farming. of organic farming. of organic farming. The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists of The target population in this study consists ofThe target population in this study consists of 57 families of 57 families of 57 families of 57 families of 57 families of Karen Karen Karen farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 farmers in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village and 1 official in Pu To official in Pu Toofficial in Pu To official in Pu Toofficial in Pu To official in Pu To official in Pu Toofficial in Pu Toei National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has National Park who has involved with farm involved with farm involved with farm ing of Karen ing of Karen ing of Karen in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village.in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village.in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village. The results he results he results he results he results he results he results are as follows: are as follows: are as follows: are as follows: are as follows:
1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming 1. The general environment of the farming area of Karen area of Karen area of Karen area of Karen area of Karen community community in Ta Pern in Ta Pern in Ta Pern in Ta Pern in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village Kee Karen VillageKee Karen Village Kee Karen Village Kee Karen Village Kee Karen VillageKee Karen Village , Suphan, Suphan, Suphan , Suphan Buri Province Province is relatively is relatively is relatively is relatively is relatively is relatively upland upland and open and open -air . It isIt is It is away from away from industrial plants industrial plants industrial plants industrial plantsindustrial plants industrial plantsindustrial plants and main nd main nd main road roads as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates as its location situates in intricate intricate intricate intricate mountains mountains mountains . W. W. Water ater ater suppliessupplies suppliessupplies for agriculture agriculture agriculture agriculture are derived from are derived from are derived from are derived from a source a source a source a source of upstream upstream upstream water water water water therefore therefore therefore no no contamination contamination contamination contamination of chemicals chemicals chemicals chemicals chemicals or direct exposure to direct exposure to direct exposure to direct exposure to direct exposure to toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals toxic chemicals has been f has been fhas been f has been found . It may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinitymay have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity may have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals in the vicinity, however, however, however, however , however . It It was was was also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that also found that most most farming areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with areas have been exploited with chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers chemicals and fertilizers for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 yearsfor a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years for a period of not less than 10 years . Such the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequenthe farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen the farming type has consequenthe farming type has consequen the farming type has consequen tly become tly become tly become tly become crucial crucial crucial barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming. barriers to organic farming.
2. The context of farming he context of farming he context of farming he context of farminghe context of farming he context of farming , knowledge and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming showed that showed that showed that showed that showed that the sampl the sampl the samplthe sampl e groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are groups of population are almost almost almost almost farm ers who have been who have been who have been who have been who have been who have been farming for farming for over 10 years over 10 years over 10 years over 10 years . The major crops he major crops he major crops he major crops he major crops he major crops planted planted planted are corn and and upland upland rice respectively respectively respectively. The farmingThe farming The farming land land per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than per household is more than 26 RaisRais and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the and is mostly in the form of owneowneowne rship holding rship holding rship holding rship holdingrship holding (these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands these arable lands ha ve been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by been allocated by the Pu To the Pu To the Pu To the Pu Tothe Pu Toei National Park National Park National Park National ParkNational Park ). TheThe cultivation of cultivation of cultivation of cultivation of dominant dominant crops has been made on crops has been made oncrops has been made oncrops has been made on crops has been made oncrops has been made on crops has been made on crops has been made on ce a year with ce a year with ce a year with ce a year with ce a year withce a year with the the
จ
use use chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual. chemicals in the amount recommended manual.chemicals in the amount recommended manual. The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical The duration of chemical use use from the past the past the past the past the past the past till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is till present is more than six years more than six yearsmore than six years more than six years more than six yearsmore than six yearsmore than six years more than six yearsmore than six years more than six years with the main purpose towith the main purpose to with the main purpose towith the main purpose to with the main purpose to with the main purpose to with the main purpose towith the main purpose to with the main purpose towith the main purpose to get rid of get rid of get rid of get rid of grass grasses and weeds and weeds and its sub purpose to sub purpose to sub purpose to sub purpose to increase productivity. increase productivity. Most farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never ost farmers have never been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming been trained on organic farmingbeen trained on organic farming been trained on organic farming only a few only a few only a few only a few people had some people had some people had some people had some training but training but training but training but they they never put never put never put it in real use it in real use it in real use it in real useit in real useit in real use it in real use. For knowledge knowledge knowledge and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding and understanding about organic farmingabout organic farming about organic farming about organic farming about organic farming, it was, it was, it was , it was, it was found that that that most most sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population sample groups of population have knowledge and under and under standing standing standing standing about organic about organic about organic farming i farming in a fairly n a fairly n a fairly n a fairly lowlow levellevel and the most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge he most knowledge they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is they know about is the farmers the farmers the farmers the farmers the farmers the farmers who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming who use chemicals in farming have often often faced faced with with with chronic health problem chronic health problem chronic health problem chronic health problemchronic health problem chronic health problemchronic health problem chronic health problemchronic health problem s. The The second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like second is the knowledge that extracts from herbs like Siamese Siamese Siamese Siamese neem, neem, neem, neem, galangal, galangal, galangal, galangal, lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and lemongrass, basil and sweet basilsweet basilsweet basil sweet basil sweet basil sweet basil can help can help can help can help prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate iprevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate i prevent and eliminate iprevent and eliminate insect nsect s respectively. respectively. respectively. The third is The third is The third is The third is The third is The third is that the yield from that the yield from that the yield fromthat the yield from that the yield from that the yield from that the yield fromthat the yield from that the yield from organic cultivation organic cultivation organic cultivation organic cultivation organic cultivation gives a gives a gives agives a cheaper cheaper price price than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield than the yield obtained from obtained from obtained from chemical farming. chemical farming. chemical farming.chemical farming. Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with Finally, farming with organic fertili organic fertili organic fertilizers zers in in an ongoing and an ongoing and longlong -term term manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a manner could give a lowerlower yield yieldyield.
3. SWOT analysis analysisanalysis analysis for the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming the development of organic farming has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as has been revealed as follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths follows: For Strengths 1) 1) The area isThe area is The area is The area is The area is suitable for organic farmingsuitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farmingsuitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland due to its fairly upland and open and open -air landscap air landscapair landscap air landscap e which is e which is e which is e which is e which is away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plants away from industrial plantsaway from industrial plants away from industrial plants and the the main main roads, roads, 2) 2) The The water ater is is suitable for organic farmingsuitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming suitable for organic farming as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus as it is derived from a source of upstream water thus it is it is free from free from any any toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination toxic contamination , 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers 3) Most farmers have beg un turning their n turning their n turning their n turning their n turning their attention attention attention attention to organic farming. For W farming. For W farming. For Wfarming. For Weakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) eakness 1) The current farmingThe current farming The current farming The current farming The current farmingThe current farming land land has been exposed to exposed to exposed to exposed to chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2)chemicals and fertilizers for over 10 years, 2) Most farmers ost farmers ost farmers ost farmers have no have no knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) knowledge about organic farming, 3) Most farmers ost farmers ost farmers ost farmers ost farmers are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and are accustomed to and stickstick ing withwith farming with with with chemicals a chemicals a chemicals achemicals achemicals and fertilizers nd fertilizers nd fertilizers nd fertilizers , 4) there 4) there 4) there 4) there 4) there are no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments no relevant departments to give to give to give to give supportsupport support seriously and continuallyseriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continuallyseriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continually seriously and continuallyseriously and continuallyseriously and continually. For O For OFor Opportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a pportunities 1) the yield of organic farming is a market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) market demand, 2) The yieldThe yield The yield The yieldThe yield from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher from organic farming is higher in price in price than than that obtained that obtained that obtained that obtained that obtained from chemical chemical farm ing, 3) 3) Organic market rganic market rganic market s in Thailand in Thailand in Thailand in Thailand and overseas are and overseas are and overseas are and overseas areand overseas areand overseas are growing steadily growing steadily growing steadilygrowing steadily growing steadily and 4) 4) the Pu To the Pu To the Pu To the Pu Tothe Pu Toei National Park i National Park i National Park i National Park i National Parki National Park is is ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic ready to promote and support organic farming for farming for farmers farmers. For Threats For ThreatsFor ThreatsFor Threats For Threats For Threats 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland 1) the soil in farmland degrades and degrades and degrades and degrades and lacks lacks lacks fertilities fertilities fertilities so itso it so it takes takes takes quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of quite a long period of time for r time for rtime for r time for rehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex ehabilitation, 2) Organic farming is a complex process process and takes takes takes a longer longer time for time fortime for produce produce to to yield and m yield and myield and m yield and m yield and most ost importantly the importantly the importantly the importantly the importantly the importantly the farmers farmers are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of are loaded with burden of liabilities and expensesliabilities and expenses liabilities and expenses liabilities and expensesliabilities and expenses liabilities and expenses liabilities and expenses to be responsible to be responsibleto be responsible to be responsible to be responsible to be responsible for 3) Organic 3) Organic3) Organic 3) Organic farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and farming requires perseverance and high patience patience and most most current current current farmers lack th farmers lack thfarmers lack thfarmers lack thfarmers lack th farmers lack th ese ese characteristics. characteristics. characteristics. characteristics. characteristics. Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming Moreover, they are still accustomed to and sticking with farming chemicals. chemicals. chemicals.chemicals.
The findings from the study at all. In conclusion, the agricultural areas of the community.Karen village Southbank odd talents.There are not enough potential to develop organic farming within 1 year and it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year beforend it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year beforend it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year beforend it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before nd it takes more than one year before the first the first the first the first the first period of transition of transition of transition of transition to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the to organic agriculture. It is very important the promotion of promotion of promotion of knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res knowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including resknowledge about organic farming among farmers. Including res toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural toration of agricultural land,land, the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming. the soil is fertile . Which a key factor to success of organic farming.
Guidelines for Guidelines for Guidelines for Guidelines for Guidelines for development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming development and promotion of organic farming and the period and the period and the period and the period of transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic transition from chemical farming to organic for Karen Karen farmers farmers farmers in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee in Ta Pern Kee Karen Village Karen Village Karen Village Karen VillageKaren Village , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows:, that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows: , that need to be considered by relevant departments are as follows:
1) 1) Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made Promotion should be made by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar by organizing a seminar on organic farming to on organic farming to on organic farming to on organic farming to farmers farmers as well as well as well as well as well as well as providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous followproviding them with serious and continuous follow providing them with serious and continuous follow -up and counseling and counseling and counseling and counseling after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) after training 2) A network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leadersnetwork of leader farmers who are community leaders network of leader farmers who are community leaders should be should be should be should be introduced in order t introduced in order t introduced in order t introduced in order t introduced in order to help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes o help raise awareness and attitudes towards towardstowards organic farming, 3) organic farming, 3) organic farming, 3) organic farming, 3) Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers should be eshould be e should be e should be e should be encourage ncourage d and promot and promot ed to to perceive the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using the importance of using organic manure organic manure organic manure , live, live, live, live -plant fertilizer plant fertilizer plant fertilizer plant fertilizer plant fertilizer and bio and bio -fertilizer fertilizer fertilizer in their their farming as as to help improve to help improve to help improve to help improve to help improve to help improve soil soil soil fertility fertility 4) 4) For farmers, promotion For farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotion For farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotionFor farmers, promotion on learning learning learning how to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in to reduce the use of chemicals in fa rming should be continuously encouraged,should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged,should be continuously encouraged,should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, should be continuously encouraged, 5) 5) Promoting Promoting the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to the farmers to seriously seriously seriously seriously seriously pay attention attention attention attention on organic farming should be made b farming should be made bfarming should be made b farming should be made b farming should be made b farming should be made b farming should be made by providing y providing y providing y providing them a them a them a study study study tour to organic tour to organic tour to organic tour to organic tour to organic farms of farms offarms of the leader the leader the leader the leader the leader farmers farmers farmers or to or to or to underlying underlying and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming and successful organic farming network networknetwork s and 6) 6) The Pu ToThe Pu To The Pu To The Pu ToThe Pu Toei National Park i National Park i National Park i National Park i National Parki National Park should cooperatshould cooperat should cooperat should cooperat should cooperate withwith government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies government agencies that that involve directly directly withwith agriculture agriculture agriculture to help to help to help to help enforce organic farming concretely. concretely. concretely.concretely.
However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during However, in order to successfully develop and promote organic farming during the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic the transition from chemical farming to organic of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community of farmers in Karen community Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned Ta Pern Kee Karen Village, the government agencies and local authorities concerned should should should support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that support and promote organic farming seriously continuously so that sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be sustainability of organic farming could be achieved henceforth. achieved henceforth. achieved henceforth.achieved henceforth. achieved henceforth. achieved |
