สืบค้นงานวิจัย
Study on Lignin and Cellulose Total Content in Two Rubber Clones Planted in Different Densities
Rasyidah binti Mohamad Razar - ไม่ระบุหน่วยงาน
ชื่อเรื่อง (EN): Study on Lignin and Cellulose Total Content in Two Rubber Clones Planted in Different Densities
ผู้แต่ง / หัวหน้าโครงการ (EN): Rasyidah binti Mohamad Razar
บทคัดย่อ (EN): Lignocellulosic materials extracted from rubber tree serves as potential raw material for biofuel. Four types of planting density ; 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 plants/ha have been used in Rubber Forest Planting Density Trial in Rubber Research Institute Mini Stations in Tok Dor, Terengganu in April, 2000. Two types of rubber clones i.e. RRIM 2020 and RRIM 2025, with three replications, were planted to investigate the effect of planting density on tree growth. Biomass weight and moisture content were obtained for these eleven-year old plants on ten different plant parts, which are leaf, petiole, twig, small branch, large branch, bole at tree bottom, bole at 150 cm from ground, bole at tree first branching, tree bark and root. Analyses of lignin and cellulose concentration were carried out for each plant parts of RRIM 2020 that was planted in 500 plants/ha density. The data was used as a projection for total content of lignin and cellulose for all trees in the trial. The purpose of making such projection was to estimate total content of lignin and cellulose that were able to be extracted from eleven-year old rubber tree, particularly form plant parts that were discarded from tree felling activity during replanting programme, for the production of biofuel in the form of ethanol. Example of the plant parts are leaf, petiole, twig, small branch and root. The benefits of biofuel production from renewable sources include reducing the pressure on the usage of fossil fuel, producing green fuel that emits zero carbon into the atmosphere and reducing the possible attack of root diseases in rubber plantation from the unused plant parts that are normally left on the ground after replanting program which later became nutrient source for pathogen. The different planting densities investigated in the study shall answer the question of which densities could give rise to most total content of lignocellulosic material and therefore shall be applied in the future planting for the purpose of biofuel production. Summary of biomass weight showed that highest mass was observed mostly in large branch for 500 and 1000 plants/ha densities. As the density goes higher as in 1500 and 2000 plants/ha, the trend shifted for bole. This explains the bigger tree crown in 500 and 1000 plant/ha densities, and the taller trunk in 1500 and 2000 plants/ha densities. The smallest biomass weight was all observed in petiole. The highest moisture content was observed mostly in petiole while the lowest moisture content was observed in bole. Analyses of extractives, lignin, holocellulose and alphacellulose concentration were conducted in plant parts of RRIM 2020 planted in 500 plants/ha density, of which the data was used for calculation of projection of total lignin and holocellulose. The highest concentration of extractives was found in leaf. Extractives are organic extraneous materials that include tannins and other polyphenolice, colouring matters, gum starch and simple metabolic intermediates and these explained how the amount was observed to be the highest in leaf as compared to other plant parts. The highest concentration of lignin was also observed in leaf. For concentration of holocellulose the highest value was seen in bole at first branching while the highest concentration of alphacellulose was seen in large branch. The projected amount of total lignin and holocellulose for RRIM 2020 and RRIM 2025 were the highest in large branch for 500 plants/ha densities, while for 1000, 1500 and 2000 plants/ha densities the highest value was observed in bole. The smallest value was seen in petiole for both clones planted in all densities. Analysis of variation for total content of lignin and holocellulose was conducted with clone and density as source of variation. There was no significant different for total lignin and holocellulose in difference clones, except for leaf and root. For difference densities mostly there was significant difference in total lignin and holocellulose in plant parts, except for petiole, bole and bark. Mean comparison using Least Significant Difference test revealed that the highest total lignin was found in 500 plants/ha for leaf, twig, small branch, large branch and root. The different with other densities was also found to be significance which means that planting in this density world result in significantly higher biomass weight and subsequently bigger total lignin can be extracted. Mean comparison for total holocellulose also showed the highest value in 500 plants/ha density for leaf, twig, small branch, large branch and root. This observation suggested that 500 plants/ha density shall be taken as the most ideal planting for the purpose of biofuel production, particularly from unused plant parts such as leaf, petiole, twig, small branch and root. The expected amount of total lignin and holocellulose that can be extracted from unused plant parts of RRIM 2025 planted in 500 plants/ha are 40.51 kg/tree and 92.70 kg/tree respectively. The projected amount of total lignin and holocellulose per hectare with expected 10% tree loss at eleventh year of planting are 18,230 kg/ha and 41,715 kg/ha respectively. The amount of this lignocellulosic materials shall be able to produce a considerably high output of ethanol. Based on average 42% cellulose and 21% hemicelluloses in wood, the maximum theoretical yield of ethanol can be calculated to be 0.32 grams of ethanol per gram of wood or per 0.63 gram of pure holocellulose. This calculation is based on a full conversion of cellulose and hemicelluloses to sugars, and conversion of sugars to ethanol at the theoretical yield of 0.51 g/g. Therefore the calculated total amount of ethanol production for eleven years of planting is 21,189 kg/ha. Lignin on the other hand is not directly converted to ethanol. Since heating values for lignin is 28 MJ/kg, which is similar to that of coal, lignin is often used to produce heat that is required in the ethanol production process. This material is frequently utilized as an energy source for power generation because there are a few efficient chemical conversion processes available that can convert lignin into liquid fuels or higher value chemical substrates. However higher technological advancement should be able to convert lignin to biofuels by using various pathways. In a nutshell lignocellulosic materials are highly potential to be applied in the production of biofuel, where the materials could be extracted from unused plant parts of rubber tree during rubber replanting programme.
บทคัดย่อ: ไม่พบข้อมูลจากหน่วยงานต้นทาง
ภาษา (EN): en
เผยแพร่โดย (EN): การยางแห่งประเทศไทย
คำสำคัญ (EN): cellulose
เจ้าของลิขสิทธิ์ (EN): การยางแห่งประเทศไทย
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Rasyidah binti Mohamad Razar. "Study on Lignin and Cellulose Total Content in Two Rubber Clones Planted in Different Densities". ไม่ระบุหน่วยงาน. ม.ป.ป.

Rasyidah binti Mohamad Razar. "Study on Lignin and Cellulose Total Content in Two Rubber Clones Planted in Different Densities". ไม่ระบุหน่วยงาน. ม.ป.ป.. Print.



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Study on Lignin and Cellulose Total Content in Two Rubber Clones Planted in Different Densities
Rasyidah binti Mohamad Razar
การยางแห่งประเทศไทย
ไม่ระบุวันที่เผยแพร่
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