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Study on Growth and Yield of Chilli were conducted at Songkhla Field Crop Research Center during 2010-2013. One month seedlings were transplanted in the field at plant spacing 0.8x1.0 m. Plants maintenance used manual guide recommended by the Department of Agriculture. The results showed that plant height and canopy size continues to increase as age plants. Chilli had medium plants canopy with 6.8+0.8 branches. Petiole length, leaf width and leaf length about 2.5+0.5, 5.6+0.9 and 10.35+2.1 cm. respectively. First flowering open around 3 months after planting, the color of the petals yellow-green or yellowish white. During anthesis stigma goes beyond anther. Fruit could be harvested after planting 4.5-5.5 months. Fruit petiole length, fruit width and fruit lenght were 1.72+0.6, 0.4+0.1 and 3.2+1.3 cm., respectively. Total yield per tree was 506.45 gram. Capsaicin content in immature fruit, mature and ripe were 0.602, 0.429 and 0.397 gram/dry weight 100 gram., respectively.
Study on fruit harvesting stage of chilli were conducted at Songkhla Field Crop Research Center during 2010-2013. The design was CRD with 4 replications. One month seedlings were transplanted in the field at plant spacing 0.8x1.0 m. Different thread were taged at flowering stage. Fruits harvested and seeds separated for germination test at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 days after flowering. Fruit harvested at 70 days after flowering gave highest seed germination, 94.5 percentage. While harvested at 63 and 77 days after flowering were 92.3 and 90.5 percentage, respectively.
Research and development on chilli production technology in the rainy season were studied. The objective of this study was to obtain chilli production technology in rainy season. The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field, Pan Tae, Kaunkhanun district, Phatthalung province during January 2011 to September 2013. Randomized Complete Block Design Method
Process grew chilli in greenhouse with plastic roof and covered with white nylon net size 20 gaps/inch. Each treatment was performed for 5 replications. The results found that growing chilli in rainy season in greenhouse with plastic roof and covered with white nylon net size 16 and 20 gaps/inch gave the highest tree height and bush width of 180 days old chilli which were significantly different from growing chilli outside greenhouse. In addition, growing chilli in rainy season in greenhouse with plastic roof and covered with white nylon net size 20 gaps/inch also provided the highest productivity. The average yield of chilli in this treatment in first and second year was 638.8 and 1,346.7 kilogram/rai, respectively which were significantly different from control.
This study is aimed to control Colletotrichum sp. by using Bacillus subtilis and chitosan. The experiment was conducted from October 2553 to september 2555 at Kaunkhanun district, Phatthalung province. Bacillus subtilis 30 g./20 liters of water, benomyl (50 % WP) 10 g/ 20 liters of water, chitosan 0.25 % and chitosan 0.3 % were applied to control Colletotrichum sp. in the farmer’s field compared to the distilled water . The results indicated disease incidence was non-significantly reduced in all the treatment, and found that the chemical trend to reduce losses from anthracnose.
Yield and quality of Che chilli products are not only dependent good agricultural practice, primary nutrient management, but also secondary nutrient and micro nutrient management. Especially, calcium and boron that are importance for yield and quality of Che chilli in sandy loam soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the appropriate rates of calcium and boron on yield and quality of Che chilli in sandy loam soil and the effect of applied calcium and boron on some soil properties. The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field, Kaunkhanun district, Phatthalung province, during November, 2010-September, 2012. The experimental design was a split plot in randomized complete block designs with 3 replications. Main plot were 3 rates of calcium (0%LR 50%LR and 100%LR, LR ; Lime Requirement) and sub plot were 4 rates of boron ( 0 0.5 1.0 and 1.5 kg./rai of Borax., respectively).
The results indicated that there were interaction between the rates of calcium and boron on fresh weight yield of Che chilli. Fresh weight yield of Che chilli were significant the highest contents by applied calcium (50%LR) associated with boron (1.5 kg/rai of borax). There were no interaction between the rates of calcium and boron on capsaicin. The effect of applied different rates of calcium and boron on capsaicin were not significant difference. Besides, applied the highest rate calcium (100%LR) significantly increased soil pH and exchangeable calcium contents in soil. In addition, applied the higher rate of boron significantly increased soil boron contents.
Appropriate rate of organic fertilizer for planting organic chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) was examined. The experiments were carried out at Songkhla Field Crop Research Center during October 2010 – September 2013 (3 years). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) method was used to design the experiments. In this study, 6 treatments were applied. They were 1) no organic fertilizer, 2) organic fertilizer in ratio 1 tone/rai, 3) organic fertilizer in ratio 2 tones/rai, 4) organic fertilizer in ratio 3 tones/rai, 5) organic fertilizer in ratio 4 tones/rai and 6) organic fertilizer in ratio 5 tones/rai. Each treatment consisted of four replications. The chemical and physical properties of soil before and after performing the experiment together with the chemical property of organic fertilizer before performing the experiment were recorded. Growth, yield, yield quality, and the quantity of capsaicin were measured. The results found that the soil texture for this experiment was sandy clay loam, low soil fertility. The organic fertilizer satisfied the criteria of the Department of Agriculture 2012. With regard to the growth of chilli, it result revealed that using organic fertilizer in ratio 5 tones/rai gave the highest tree height and bush width of 180 days old chilli. Fertilizing chilli with organic fertilizer in ratio 4 tons/rai raised highest productivity significantly. Average yield of first, second, and third years was 896.0, 453.9, and 376.2 kilogram/rai, respectively. The highest fresh weight of 100 chilli peppers was 115.54, 131.67, and 112.90 gram respectively and the highest dry weight of 100 chilli peppers was 26.55, 30.84 and 22.44 gram respectively. The quantity of capsaicin in all treatments was not significantly different.
Study of agriculture chemical disintegration among dimethoate, malathion, chlorpyrifos, ethion, cypermethrin and dicofol in Capsicum frutescene LINN was conducted at Songkhla field crops research center in October 2011 to August 2013 by using Randomized Complete Block which was designed by quadruplicate. Each experiment was conducted in 6 treatments. Determination of residue was analyzed after product harvesting at day 0 (within 3 h after spraying) 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15. Product would be randomized to detect residue after the last spraying by using gas chromatography at Pesticide residue laboratory, Development of inspection for crops and production resources group, Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 8. All pesticide residues were found following this; Dimethoate (11.66, 2.70, 0.72, 0.20, 0.10 and 0.03 mg/kg), Malathion (7.97, 0.88, 0.17, 0.05, 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg), Chlopyrifos (3.08, 1.14, 0.73, 0.41, 0.29 และ 0.23 mg/kg), Ethion (9.27, 5.43, 3.91, 2.47, 1.92 and 1.43 mg/kg), Cypermethrin (5.03, 4.37, 3.45, 2.82, 1.47 and 0.93 mg/kg) and Dicofol ( 8.22, 6.67, 4.42, 4.05, 2.63 and 0.66 mg/kg). Regression equation was created by the particular data for estimation of duration time for product harvesting after the last spraying of each pesticide that showed at day 8, 10, 9, 8, 15 and 12 for Dimethoate, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, Ethion, Cypermethrin and Dicofol, respectively.
Research and development of prototype machine for processing Chili . The objective is to develop and design process Chili . They can be stored for long enough for consumption throughout the year. Conducted at the Agricultural Research and Development Region 8 Songkhla Province between October 2554 - September 2556. This are dryer Chili and vacuum packed . Dryer Chili incorporates a heater pipe tunnel exhaust fan and conveyor feeder Chili. Pipe tunnel diameter 40 cm and long 6 meters have drying rate 10 kg / hr. (fresh weight) Drying time is 5 hrs remaining Grain moisture 12-13 %.
Assessment of Potential Areas suitable for Neck Orange Production in The Lower South by studying of the appropriate environment for growing quality neck oranges and the relationship between some soil properties on yield and quality of neck oranges. To get the correct data environment and some soil properties for growing neck oranges. The experiments were conducted in Songkhla Province 20 orchards : in Chana District 10 orchards, Hat Yai 5 orchards, Sadao 2 orchards, Natawee 2 orchards and Tepa 1 orchard. They were carried out between October 2010 - September 2013. To record environment conditions at vegetative and reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality. The environment includes temperature, humidity, light, moisture of soil, etc. every month. Analysis of genetic variability by RAPD marker technique using 3 Primers : OPA-04, OPB-10 and OPR-03 and the relationship between some soil properties. By correcting data: the soil chemical, nutrient contents, soil physical, yield and yield quality of neck oranges. The experimental results found that the environment affects their growth, yield and development of neck oranges fruits, including light and temperature, the yield of neck oranges growing in different conditions, a single orchard with average yields of 92 fruits / tree and integrated orchard average yield 84 fruits / tree which are higher than the average yield of neck oranges grown intercropping rubber was 11 fruits / tree. Because the leaf area of neck orange for photosynthesis in single orchard was less than other conditions clearly difference. Rainfall directly affects on the production. The temperature necessary to analyze the relationship between the environment and leaf flushing by multiple regression analysis in 2012 found that the neck orange grown intercropping rubber temperature affects leaf flushing significant statistically. The regression equation of leaf flushing(%) = -245.989 +8.114 T (temperature). The quality of neck orange fruits the results that come from different planting sites. The ratio of soluble solids per volume titratable acidity of fruits in Natawee and Chana were 24.92 and 23.29 respectively, which is higher than other places. The size of fruit from Chana will have the biggest. The environment makes neck orange each growing different sites. Genetics is causes the different neck orange which was divided into four groups. It was concluded that the different neck of the orange and spiny on stem or branch did not result from genetics. In addition to the relationship between some soil properties on yield and quality of neck orange in Songkhla found that the different soil properties: most of the soil pH is acidic (4.5-5.5) with low, amounts of organic matter (OM 0.5-1.5 percent), the amount of available phosphorus in the soil is low. (5-15 mg / kg), the amount of available potassium in the soil is low ( 50 mg /kg), most of theavailable manganese were high (avail. Mn = 20-50 mg/kg), most of theavailable copper were medium. (avail.Cu = 1-2 mg / kg), but most of theavailable zinc were low (avail.Zn = 1-2 mg / kg). Moreover, the soil physical properties of topsoil in 20 pummelo orchards located were different. Namely, most of thesoil texture were moderately fine-textured, most of thesoil were shallow, allsoil bulk density did not limit the growth of plants.In addition, organic matter was highly significant to yield and was able to predict yield44.25%. Exchangeable magnesium, soil depth (D) and soil bulk density (Db) were significant to yield and were able to predict yield37.63%, 28.47%,and 25.76%,respectively. Exchangeable Magnesium, exchangeable calcium and available potassium in the soil were significant to weight and were able to predict weight 34.90%, 33.94%, and 26.21%, respectively. Besides, soil depth was significant to fruit freshand was able to predict fruit fresh25.01%. Available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium in the soil were significant tobark thickness and were able to co-predicted bark thickness 38.15%.
Hausa potato is one of the most important local economic crops in the south of Thailand. It always use in southern cultural cuisine and also in the way of cropping system for intercropping with young rubber tree, young oil palm plant and other young orchard plants. Because of it is a local crop, few researchers pay attention to this crop and lack of budget support. At the present, famers use a traditional cultural practices and their own experience. Many questions sus as how to use a suitable fertilizer, how to control knotted tuber symptom are still waiting for the answers. In this 3 years project, five experiments were investigated. 1.The off season growing of hausa potato with stem tip cutting. Every 2 months planting with 4 - inch stem tip cutting in one year, the results revealed that planting between December to February gave a very low yield. But planting in October gave the same yield level as seasonal planting. 2. The influence of planting material on yield and harvesting age of hausa potato. This experiment was carried out to compare 2 types of planting material, stem tip cutting with different spacing to sprouted tuber. The highest yield was obtained from planting with 4 – inch stem tip cutting with 1 ? 0.5 m spacing. And harvesting age of hausa potato from stem tip cutting treatments were 1 mouth earlier than using sprouted tuber as a planting material. 3. The appropriate fertilizer application for hausa potato in different soil series. This experiment was done in 3 soil series, Hat Yai series, Yan Ta Kao series, and Pang – nga series. The results in Hat Yai and Yan Ta Kao soil series revealed that the application of chemical fertilizer grade 13-13-21 or 15-15-15 at rate 50 kg/rai or applied compost fertilizer rate 400 kg/rai (250 g/hill) plus chemical fertilizer (13-13-21 or 15-15-15) rate 25 kg/rai were a suitable practice. In Phang – nga soil series, root – knot nematode infection caused the damaged yield. Thus, this investigation should be done in the next project for repeating. 4. Influence of plant growth retardant and concentration on yield and harvesting age of hausa potato. The treatments consisted of three concentrations of plant growth retardant ; chlormequat, daminozide and IBA at 400, 700, and 1,000 ppm and untreated as the control. The results revealed that cholormequat and daminozide gave a shorter harvesting age than the control treatment for 20 and 27 days, respectively. But IBA at 400 ppm concentration prolonged 25 days harvesting age. And IBA at 700 and 1,000 ppm prolonged 18 days harvesting age. Nevertheless, yield of all treated treatments were higher than yield of untreated treatment. 5. Control of root – knot nematode on hausa potato. The investigation revealed that the knotted tuber was caused by nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Two plant species were the alternative host, Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) King & Rob. and Centrosema pubescens (Benth.). Eight treatments consisted of different concentration and timing of abamectin application, using Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samsom, as an antagonistic fungal and untreated were compared. The resulte revealed that soil treatment with abamectin at 30 ml/20 liters of water after planting and 1 month later gave only a fair controlled. Thus, the investigation should be continued in the future.
Screw pine is a highly diversity local crop and with good fiber properties suitable to be woven into various products for exporting. However, market expansion was limited with insufficient material. The objectives of this project were to search the suitable production technologies and fiber storage technologies of screw pine. This study consisted of 3 activities, which conducted during 2011 to 2013. The first activity was to survey, collection and classification of screw pine and Pandanus sp. in the lower south. The survey covered 59 sites in 7 provinces. Morphological classification divided them into 3 species, 1) Tuey Thalay ( P. odoratissimus) was collected from 7 sites 2) Tuey Nham ( P. kaidus ) was collected from 51 sites 3)Tuey Khao ( P. monothecus) was collected from 1 site. The second activity was research and development on screw pine production technologies, suitable planting area, spacing and fertilizer application. Planting in peat swamp area was growth and yield better than planting in upland areas. Whereas different fertilizer application rate gave no significant effect on growth and yield. Planted with a spacing of 2x2 meters gave highest average yield but a spacing of 4x1 meters practical for field operating. The third activity was research and development on storage of screw pine fiber. The study on storage insect pest of screw pine fiber was conducted at handicraft group in Tumbol Khu Tao, Hat Yai district, Songkhla province. They did not have infestation of storage insect pest of all samples collected from farmers. This incident may cause by the farmer kept their fiber less than 6 months. Study on storage methods and sources of screw pine on fiber quality revealed both fiber from cultivated and natural screw pine were not infested by insect pest and disease. However, after more than one year storage the color had changed. Color of the fiber stored in nylon mesh bag, in fiber plastic bag and hanging method change faster than stored in plastic bag and in gunny sack. Quality of fiber (strength and elongation) from both sources did not significantly different, but fiber stored by hanging method had highest strength and elongation. |
