สืบค้นงานวิจัย
Genomics Assisted Crop Improvement – Applications and Potential in Tree Improvement
M.S. Sheshshayee - ไม่ระบุหน่วยงาน
ชื่อเรื่อง (EN): Genomics Assisted Crop Improvement – Applications and Potential in Tree Improvement
ผู้แต่ง / หัวหน้าโครงการ (EN): M.S. Sheshshayee
บทคัดย่อ (EN): The ever increasing human population is expected to create an unprecedented demand on the production of food, fiber and fuel. Predictions indicate that an increase in production of agricultural crops needs to be increased by 25 to 30% in the next 15 years to remain food and nutrient secure. Besides these food grains, there is an equal need for the enhancement of productivity and total production of several commercially impetus to the evolution of systematic investigations in tree species leading to genetic enhancement to improve productivity as well quality Tree improvement has traditionally been impeded due to the lack of characterized germplasm, lack of clarity on the mechanisms governing variability in growth and productivity, complexity associated with the measurement of important traits in trees, complex and large size of the genome, etc. One of the most important factors that significantly distracted tree improvement programs was the long generation times of most of these perennial plants. However, considering the importance and the projected demand for the products of important plantations crops and to increase the breeding efficiency. Conventional tree improvement programs have concentrated on identifying superior clones and exploiting them for either vegetative propagation or for obtaining seeds from such trees. This approach would take a painfully long time besides being unable to guarantee a success in improvement in productivity. These issues have very strongly necessitated the application of modern biotechnological methods in tree improvement programs. The significant extent of out crossing among most tree species, the available genetic diversity in every trait among the clones and ramets render the tree species a fabulous material for adopting the modern biotechnological tools for Genomics assisted crop improvement tools. With the advent of the next generation sequencing strategies, significant progress has been made in sequencing the entire genome of several important tree species. Poplar and Eucalyptus are the most extensively sequenced plantation crops and a large number of other species are presently being sequenced globally. With the application of genomic tools becoming inevitable in tree improvement programs, it is essential to develop deeper understanding of the science and technology associated with genomics based applications in crop improvement. The most simple method in genomics assisted crop improvement is the use of DNA based molecular markers. Traditionally, these DNA markers are defined as DNA fragments that generally do not have a regulatory influence on any plant trait. Several marker systems such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP have been used with limited success in trees. It is now realized that co-dominant marker systems such as SSR and SNP have greater applicability in mapping the genomic regions that govern the variability in a given trait. The advent of the next generation sequencing strategies have provided a significant boost to the generation of sequencing information on transcriptomes besides the whole genome in several species. This paved way to the rapid discovery of SSR and SNP markers in tree species which was till recently, a major constraint in adopting genomics assisted crop improvement methods. These advancement in biotechnological tool was to certain extent matched by the progress made in computational and statistical methods that les to the development of precise strategies for identifying the exact genomic region that govern a trait and thus made it possible for functional validation of genic regions through functional genomics and provided options for drawing inferences from related species through comparative genomics. Though modern genomics methods have a tremendous application in tree improvement programs, these strategies would have a significant bottle neck due to the long generation time of these tree species. Excellent progress in advancement of computational statistics combines with genomics tools is expected to significantly overcome these constraints leading to rapid progress in tree improvement. With the tremendous diversity available among tree species and the extent of out crossing render the tree species an extremely amenable candidate for QTL discovery through the application of population genetic approaches. referred to as Association mapping or LD mapping. This approach involves the extensive molecular and phenotypic characterization of a set of diverse individuals and associating the marker diversity with phenotypic diversity to identify genomic locations that govern variability in the traits interest. Conventionally, the identification of genomic regions controlling complex traits called quantitative trait loci (QTL) is achieves by generating a structured population by crossing two lines contrasting for the trait of interest. This approach, though accurate, would be extremely difficult (if not impossible) to adopt in perennial species. Thus, association mapping has been proposed and is extensively being adopted globally for QTL discovery. Now that the marker discovery is made easy through sequencing approaches, what seems to be essential is the assembly of a set of diverse germplasm accessions and enumeration and development of phenotyping strategies. More recently, novel method of marker assisted selection combined with association mapping, referred to as Genomic Selection, is being adopted for reducing the generation time while increasing the precision of trait improvement. This approach has been successfully adopted in improving the yield and quality of oil palm. This approach significantly reduced the time required for the generation of stabilized lines with the targeted improvement in the traits of interest.
บทคัดย่อ: ไม่พบข้อมูลจากหน่วยงานต้นทาง
ภาษา (EN): en
เผยแพร่โดย (EN): การยางแห่งประเทศไทย
คำสำคัญ (EN): association mapping
เจ้าของลิขสิทธิ์ (EN): การยางแห่งประเทศไทย
หากไม่พบเอกสารฉบับเต็ม (Full Text) โปรดติดต่อหน่วยงานเจ้าของข้อมูล

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M.S. Sheshshayee. "Genomics Assisted Crop Improvement – Applications and Potential in Tree Improvement". ไม่ระบุหน่วยงาน. ม.ป.ป.

M.S. Sheshshayee. "Genomics Assisted Crop Improvement – Applications and Potential in Tree Improvement". ไม่ระบุหน่วยงาน. ม.ป.ป.. Print.



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Genomics Assisted Crop Improvement – Applications and Potential in Tree Improvement
M.S. Sheshshayee
การยางแห่งประเทศไทย
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