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Studies on the culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in different method for
expand to farmers. This study can be divided into 3 sub-studies, 2 additional studies and
expansion to farmers as follows.
Sub-study 1 studied on growth, survival rate, yield, cost and return for culture of
sea cucumber Holothuria scabra weight 100 to 200-250 grams using sea water from white
leg shrimp pond in concrete ponds.
Study on culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra weight 100 to 200-250 grams using
sea water from white leg shrimp ponds in concrete ponds. This study divided into 2 treatments,
3 repetitions. Treatment 1 culture of sea cucumber with seaweed in a concrete pond.
Treatment 2 culture of sea cucumber with seaweed in concrete pond using seawater from
white leg shrimp pond. The experiment was conducted for 10 months at initial average weight
of 100.52 ± 3.20 g. In the shrimp and sea cucumber ponds, hang panels of seaweed Caulerpa
lentilifera by attaching the seaweed to the plastic panels by rope with 0.5 kg per panels, 5
panels/pond. In the shrimp ponds put white leg shrimp at initial stocking density of 200
individual/m2
, Treatment 1 opened the water flowing through the sea cucumber pond at the
rate of 20 liters/minute and treatment 2 pumping water from the shrimp pond to flow into the
sea cucumber pond at the rate of 20 liters/minute. After nursing period of 10 month. It was
found that the sea cucumbers in the treatment 2 had higher mean weight than the treatment 1
was significantly (P <0.05). The mean weight was 94.18 ± 10.26 and 104.86 ± 17.08 g. The
treatment 1 had the mean weight per body lower than the initial mean weight. Mean survival
rates of sea cucumbers at both treatments were not different (P> 0.05) 90.90 ± 2.27 and 90.15
± 1.31%. When the sea cucumber is induced to release reproductive cells. Not found sea
cucumbers to release reproductive cells. The culture of the sea cucumber in the treatment 1
was not profitable and in the treatment 2 the average profit percentage per pond is 10.80%.
Sub-study 2 studied on culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra by using water
from white leg shrimp pond in earthen ponds.
Study on culture of sea cucumber H. scabra with seaweed Caulerpa lentilifera in
earthen pond using water from white leg shrimp pond. This study divided into 2 sets of
experimental ponds. The experiment was conducted for 6 months, culture of white leg shrimp in 2 rounds.The initial average weight of the sea cucumbers was 3.13 ± 0.78 g and were culture
in a nylon pen size 5x5x2.5 m in the earthen pond. When the culture at 2 months open the
nylon pen to allow sea cucumber to live in the pond and reduce density. In the sea cucumber
pond, hang 20 baskets of seaweed/pond, 0.5 kg initial weight/basket, Put fish Poecilia latipinna
that have been treated to live in seawater in the pond to eliminate copepod. Culture white leg
shrimp pond at density level of 50 individual/m
2
, feed white leg shrimp 3 - 5 meals/day and
adjust the feed amount to increase-decrease according to the shrimp's consumption. Add
microorganism cultured by molasses and shrimp feed volume of 12.5 liters/pond, 2 time/week,
the two sets of ponds pumped water from the white leg shrimp pond to sea cucumber ponds
to circulate them by using water pumps 135 watts, operated every other day. At the end of the
study, it was found that the sea cucumbers cultured in the earthen pond with seaweed by
using water from the white leg shrimp ponds in both sets had mean weight 124.23 ± 31.24 and
148.29 ± 36.15 g with a weight gain rate of 0.67 ±. 0.17 and 0.81 ± 0.20 g /individual/day and
survival rate of 40% and 75.5%. Seaweed with total harvest weight in ponds set 1 and 2 912.2
and 1,076.7 kg, value 63,854 baht and 75,369 baht. Total white leg shrimp yield. In the ponds
set 1 and 2, 252.5 and 288.7 kg value 21,955 and 25,234 baht. The return rate in pond set 1
15.76% and set 2 23.17%.
Sub-study 3 studies on culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in sea pen and
earthen ponds.
Study on culture of sea cucumber H. scabra in sea pen and earthen pond in different
areas. Sea cucumber cultured in pens size 5x5x5 m. in the amount of 4 pens for 17 months and
culture in cages of 2.5x2.5x2.5 m in earthen pond of Prachuap Khiri Khan coastal aquaculture
research and development center (PKK CARDC) in the amount of 3 cages. An additional study
of sea cucumber culture was carried out in earthen ponds in three areas at PKK CARDC.,
Farmers' Ponds Khlong Wan Subdistrict, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province and Farmers' Ponds Koh
Sriboya Sub-district, Krabi Province. Sea cucumbers were cultured in 2 pens/pond for 6 months.
Add microorganism cultured by molasses and shrimp feed volume of 50 liters/rai, 2
times/week. Every area has a density of sea cucumbers 5 individual/m2
. The initial average
weight is as follows, in a sea pen and the cages in the earthen pond of PKK CARDC at 8.72 ±
0.68 g /individual. In the earthen ponds 3 areas 3.11±0.41, 3.08±0.40 and 3.12±0.40 g/individual
respectively. At the end of the study, it was found that sea cucumbers cultured in a sea pen for
17 months, the average weight was 393.00±51.55 g. For all sea cucumbers cultured in the pond
cages all sea cucumbers died in the 8 month, with the sea cucumbers in this experimental set
weighing the highest in the month 4 at 44.64±6.53 g and weight in the last month to the death
of all sea cucumbers, 23.42±3.59 g for the weight gain of both experiments in the pen
0.77±0.03 g/individual/day and a cultured in pond cages of 0.07±0.02 g /individual/day for the
mean survival rate of sea cucumbers cultured in the sea pen at 32.2±2.10%. The growth rate
and survival rate of sea cucumbers cultured in 3 areas for 6 months, it was found that sea cucumbers cultured in farmer's pond Khlong Wan. The mean weight was 52.50±11.84 g and the
mean weight gain was 0.28 ± 0.07 g /individual/day. The mean weight gain was the highest
significantly (P <0.05) than in the PKK CARDC. The average weight gain rate was 0.11 ± 0.01 g
/individual/day. For the sea cucumber cultured in the farmer's pond Koh Sriboya all sea
cucumber die when cultured for 2 months. When the sea cucumber is induced to release
reproductive cells. Not found sea cucumbers to release reproductive cells. However, germ cell
generating organs were found at months 12-14 and 16, small and incomplete gametes were
found with mean G.S.I. of 0.002 ± 0.002 and 0.005 ± 0.006. The calculation of cost and returns
of sea cucumbers raised in a sea pen has a total operating cost of 17 months fixed costs 9,300
baht/pen, sea cucumber value 12,075 bath/pen and percentage of average profit per pen at
22.98%.
Additional study 1 studied on cultured of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with
milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the earthen pond.
Study on cultured of sea cucumber H. scabra in earthen ponds. Using a triangularshaped pond area of 2,710.40 m2, a total of 1 pond with a loamy sandy soil. The earthen pond
has a water path that can flow in and out of the pond water is drawn into the pond once a
week. The sea cucumber pen with the milkfish, use nylon nets of 1.5 mm in size to block the
pond area into a pen, 20 m in length on each side, with a total area of 400 square meters. The
Initial weight of sea cucumber at 3.83±1.13, density of 0.5 individual/m2 (200 individual), the
larvae of milkfish, initial mean weight 0.04±0.01 g., density 0.75 individual/m2. (300 individual)
Feeding milk fish for 3 - 4% of the body weight. Adjust the amount of meal to increasedecrease according to the amount of milkfish rate of feeding. Add microorganism cultured by
molasses and shrimp feed volume of 85 liters/pond, 2 time/week. By splashing over the entire
large pond (Both inside the cage and outside the cage). At the end of the experiment, it was
found that sea cucumbers had mean weight 190.50±7.82 g. The weight gain rate 0.75±0.11
g/individual/day., survival rate of 35.5%. The milkfis mean weight was 470.00 ± 108.53 g, weight
gain of 1.89±0.44 g/individual/ day, survival rate 40.66% and FCR 1.74.
Additional study 2 studied the transportation of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra
doliolaria stage and juvenile stage 3 cm.
Transportation of sea cucumber H. scabra doliolaria stage and juvenile stage 3 cm in
size was studied to reduce the damage during transport. Sea cucumber doliolaria stage
transport into plastic bags, add water and oxygen. The experiment was divided into 4 treatment
3 replications. Treatment 1: Sea cucumber transport at density of 10 individual/ml. Treatment
2: Sea cucumber transport at density 15 individual/ml. Treatment 3: Sea cucumber transport at
density 20 individual/ml. Treatment 4: Sea cucumber transport at density 25 individual/ml. The
transportation of sea cucumbers juvenile stage 3 cm in length was divided into 2 patterns.
Pattern 1: transported sea cucumber in plastic bag adding oxygen and a small amount of water
to reduce the centrifugal force. Transporting different densities, it was divided into 3 treatments, 3 replications, Treatment 1 transported at a density of 0.4 individual/ml, Treatment 2
transported at a density of 0.5 individual/ml. Treatment 3 transported at a density of 0.6
individual/ml. Pattern 2: transported sea cucumbers in different containers by filling the
container with large volumes of water. Compare with and without the material reduce
centrifugal of water. The experiment was divided into 4 treatments, 3 replications. Treatment 1,
transported in plastic bag adding oxygen. Treatment 2, transported in plastic bag adding oxygen
and material reduce centrifugal of water. Treatment 3, transported in foam box no adding
oxygen, Treatment 4, transported in foam box with no adding oxygen but adding material
reduce centrifugal of water. All sets of experiments transporting sea cucumbers for 9 hours in
an air-conditioned van. After transported sea cucumber doliolaria stage at 9 hour, there was a
difference in the number of sea cucumber on the bottom of the plastic bag and those that
released the mucus. Sea cucumbers transported at density 25 individual/ml. The sea
cucumbers were found at the bottom of the plastic bag averaged 11.66 ± 2.88%, and the sea
cucumber released mucus mean of 8.33 ± 5.77%, which was different from the other treatment
significantly (P <0.05). Sea cucumber transported at densities of 10, 15 and 20 individual/ml. Not
found sea cucumber on the bottom of the plastic bag and not found sea cucumber floating in
string. After 2 hours of transport, differences were found in the number of sea cucumber on the
bottom of the plastic bag and the sea cucumber released mucus. Sea cucumbers transported
at density 25 individual/ml. There was average increase of 26.66 ± 2.88% of sea cucumber on
the bottom of the plastic bag. While the average number of sea cucumber released mucus at
8.33 ± 5.77% was equal to the post-transport period. Different from other treatment .These
treatment were significantly (P <0.05). The sea cucumbers were not found at the bottom of the
plastic bag and not found floating in string. After transported sea cucumber juvenile stage 3 cm.
at 9 hour, the transportation Pattern 1, it was found that the transport in plastic bags filled with
oxygen and a small amount of water was used for all experiments. Sea cucumbers do not have
any unusual characteristics. The survival rate was 100%. After 2 hours of transport, there were
no abnormalities of the sea cucumber. And there was a 100% survival rate in all experiments.
The transportation Pattern 2 the transportation Pattern 2 found that the transport of sea
cucumber in different containers showed differences in the adhesion characteristics of the
container surface. And expelling the mucus from the skin of the sea cucumber. The sea
cucumber transported in a plastic bag adding oxygen without material reduced the centrifugal
of the water, found that the sea cucumber had the least adhesion to the plastic bag surface,
different from other treatment. It was found that transported with material reduced the
centrifugal of water, both packed in plastic bag and packed in foam box no adding oxygen not
different. However, the significantly difference was the transported with material reduced the
centrifugal of water (P <0.05). In this case, the transported with material to reduce the
centrifugal of water did not find any abnormal characteristics. The survival rates of all treatment
were no different. After 2 hours of transport, sea cucumber that were transported without material reduced the centrifugal of water, both packed in plastic bag adding oxygen and packed
in foam box no adding oxygen sea cucumber release mucus not different. But the difference
was statistically significant with the transported with material reduced the centrifugal of water
(P <0.05). It was found that all treatment of sea cucumber adhere to all containers, no
evisceration, the skin does not decompose. And has a 100% survival rate after 2 hours of
transport.
Expanded of culture method, nursery, broodstock transport to the farmers and
restocking sea cucumber resources in natural sources
Project of culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in different method for expand to
farmers. Farmers are interested in the study data from this research project to be used as a
model and a guideline for a career in sea cucumber culture. With research results that farmers
have been utilizing as follows.1. The culture of sea cucumbers in a sea pen. Villagers in the Ban
Koh Pu, Nuea Khlong District, Krabi Province establish a sea cucumber farming group and build a
sea cucumber sea pen with advice and information from the research team. Group of farmers in
Ko Yao Noi , Koh Yao District, Phang Nga Province, established a group to culture sea cucumbers
in the earthen ponds. The model and method of culture of sea cucumbers in the sea pen are
applied in the management of sea cucumber resources by bringing the sea cucumber
broodstock to the pen to keep the broodstock in the nature, such sea cucumber breeders can
reproduce, release eggs and produce off spring in the natural habitat, without those broodstock
being kept. To take advantage. 2. Culture of sea cucumbers in concrete ponds got the attention
of the villagers in the Ban Koh Pu, Nuea Khlong District, Krabi Province. Culture 5-10 grams of
sea cucumber in a concrete pond until getting sea cucumber size 80-100 grams before culture
in a sea pen or in the earthen pond. 3. The model for bringing the sea cucumber (doliolaria
stage) nursing in the pen in earthen pond. Farmers in the area of Koh Yao Noi, Koh Yao District,
Phang Nga Province, are interested in bringing the sea cucumber doliolaria satge to release in
the earthen pond in order for the sea cucumber to settle on the prepared material in the
earthen pond to reduce the cost of buying large sea cucumbers. 4. Method for transporting
broodstock of sea cucumber. Villagers in Ban Ko Pu, Nuea Khlong District, Krabi Province,
Conveying methods were used to transport live sea cucumber to reduce the damage during the
handling of sea cucumbers. 5. Release of sea cucumber dololaria stage and juvenile stage of
1,501,600 individual at Koh Pu, Nuea Khlong District, Krabi Province and Koh Yao Noi, Koh Yao
District, Phang Nga Province, where sea cucumber breeders were used for breeding and studied
throughout the study and research on sea cucumber culture since 2013 until the present |
